Bustillo Juan Calderón, Sanchis-Gual Nicolas, Torres-Forné Alejandro, Font José A, Vajpeyi Avi, Smith Rory, Herdeiro Carlos, Radu Eugen, Leong Samson H W
Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Feb 26;126(8):081101. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.081101.
Advanced LIGO-Virgo have reported a short gravitational-wave signal (GW190521) interpreted as a quasicircular merger of black holes, one at least populating the pair-instability supernova gap, that formed a remnant black hole of M_{f}∼142 M_{⊙} at a luminosity distance of d_{L}∼5.3 Gpc. With barely visible pre-merger emission, however, GW190521 merits further investigation of the pre-merger dynamics and even of the very nature of the colliding objects. We show that GW190521 is consistent with numerically simulated signals from head-on collisions of two (equal mass and spin) horizonless vector boson stars (aka Proca stars), forming a final black hole with M_{f}=231_{-17}^{+13} M_{⊙}, located at a distance of d_{L}=571_{-181}^{+348} Mpc. This provides the first demonstration of close degeneracy between these two theoretical models, for a real gravitational-wave event. The favored mass for the ultralight vector boson constituent of the Proca stars is μ_{V}=8.72_{-0.82}^{+0.73}×10^{-13} eV. Confirmation of the Proca star interpretation, which we find statistically slightly preferred, would provide the first evidence for a long sought dark matter particle.
先进的激光干涉引力波天文台（LIGO）和处女座干涉仪（Virgo）报告了一个短引力波信号（GW190521），该信号被解释为黑洞的准圆形合并，其中至少有一个黑洞处于对不稳定超新星间隙，在光度距离(d_{L}\sim5.3)千兆秒差距处形成了一个质量约为(M_{f}\sim142 M_{\odot})的残余黑洞。然而，由于合并前的辐射几乎不可见，GW190521值得进一步研究合并前的动力学，甚至是碰撞天体的本质。我们表明，GW190521与两颗（质量和自旋相等）无视界矢量玻色子星（又名普罗卡星）正面碰撞的数值模拟信号一致，形成了一个最终黑洞，其质量为(M_{f}=231_{-17}^{+13} M_{\odot})，位于距离(d_{L}=571_{-181}^{+348})千兆秒差距处。这首次证明了这两个理论模型在一个真实引力波事件中的紧密简并性。普罗卡星中超轻矢量玻色子成分的优选质量为(\mu_{V}=8.72_{-0.82}^{+0.73}\times10^{-13})电子伏特。我们发现普罗卡星解释在统计上略占优势，对其的确认将为长期寻找的暗物质粒子提供首个证据。
