Stávková Jana, Maroušek Josef
Mendel University in Brno, Department of Marketing and Trade, Zemědělská 1, Brno, 613 00, Czech Republic.
Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Faculty of Technology, Okružní 517/10, České Budějovice, 370 01, Czech Republic; Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Faculty of Management and Economics, Mostní 5139, Zlín, 760 01, Czech Republic.
Chemosphere. 2021 Aug;276:130097. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130097. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
For several decades, researchers have been struggling to obtain minimum phosphorus (P) capture costs to meet the parameters for discharging wastewater into the watercourse. Findings from ongoing practices suggest that the Modified University of Cape Town process is currently the cheapest P capture method in the USA, whereas struvite precipitation seems to be the most cost effective method in the rest of the developed world. P sorption via biochars is becoming widespread in developing countries because this technique allows for the turning of voluminous biowaste into fertilizer with soil improving properties. Nevertheless, the reliability of this technology fluctuates throughout the year according to biowaste characteristics. For the first time, it has been proposed to use broken cellulose casings, which are readily available in increasing quantities worldwide. The sorbent obtained was subsequently activated by calcium chloride (CaCl), whose cost is irrelevant as it would be used for agronomical purposes anyway. Pilot scale experiments show that this novel sorbent is capable of capturing 31.8 kg P t from sludge water that contains 52.5 mg of extractable P L. More importantly, it was reported that the novel sorbent captures P, mostly in calcium phosphates (CaP) forms (191.5 g CaP t), which are the most valuable for plant nutrition. Enough evidence was obtained to claim that the ongoing technological race to meet the P discharge standards at the lowest cost possible should also reflect the agronomic value of P to plant nutrition to increase its competitiveness.
几十年来，研究人员一直在努力实现最低的磷（P）捕获成本，以满足废水排放到水道的参数要求。目前的实践结果表明，改良的开普敦大学工艺是美国目前最便宜的磷捕获方法，而鸟粪石沉淀似乎是其他发达国家最具成本效益的方法。通过生物炭进行磷吸附在发展中国家正变得越来越普遍，因为这种技术可以将大量的生物废物转化为具有土壤改良特性的肥料。然而，这项技术的可靠性会根据生物废物的特性在全年有所波动。首次有人提议使用破碎的纤维素肠衣，这种材料在全球范围内的供应量正日益增加。随后用氯化钙（CaCl）对得到的吸附剂进行活化，氯化钙的成本无关紧要，因为反正它会用于农业目的。中试规模实验表明，这种新型吸附剂能够从每升含有52.5毫克可提取磷的污泥水中捕获31.8千克磷/吨。更重要的是，据报道，这种新型吸附剂捕获的磷大多以磷酸钙（CaP）的形式存在（191.5克CaP/吨），而磷酸钙对植物营养最有价值。已经获得了足够的证据，可以断言，为以尽可能低的成本达到磷排放标准而进行的技术竞赛，也应该反映磷对植物营养的农学价值，以提高其竞争力。
