Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 12;21(1):493. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10544-y.
Early detection of prehypertension is important to prevent hypertension-related complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Data regarding the prevalence of prehypertension among mid- and late-life population in Indonesia were lacking. It is crucial to obtain the prevalence data and identify the risk factors for prehypertension in Indonesia, which may differ from that of other countries.
The cross-sectional analysis utilized multicenter data from Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) from 13 provinces in 2014-2015. We included all subjects at mid-and late-life (aged ≥40 years old) from IFLS-5 with complete blood pressure data and excluded those with prior diagnosis of hypertension. Prehypertension was defined as high-normal blood pressure according to International Society of Hypertension (ISH) 2020 guideline (systolic 130-139 mmHg and/or diastolic 85-89 mmHg). Sociodemographic factors, chronic medical conditions, physical activity, waist circumference and nutritional status were taken into account. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate analyses.
There were 5874 subjects included. The prevalence of prehypertension among Indonesian adults aged > 40 years old was 32.5%. Age ≥ 60 years (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.41-2.01, p < 0.001), male sex (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.45-1.88, p < 0.001), overweight (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22-1.70, p < 0.001), obesity (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48-2.12, p < 0.001), and raised waist circumference (adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.56, p = 0.002) were the significant risk factors associated with prehypertension. Prehypertension was inversely associated with being underweight (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93, p = 0.009).
The prevalence of prehypertension in Indonesian mid- and late-life populations is 32.5%. Age ≥ 60 years, male sex, overweight, obesity, and raised waist circumference are risk factors for prehypertension.
早期发现高血压前期对于预防与高血压相关的并发症（如心血管疾病、脑血管疾病和全因死亡率）非常重要。关于印度尼西亚中老年人群高血压前期患病率的数据尚缺乏。了解印度尼西亚高血压前期的患病率数据和确定其危险因素非常重要，这些因素可能与其他国家不同。
本横断面分析利用了 2014-2015 年印度尼西亚家庭生活调查-5（IFLS-5）来自 13 个省的多中心数据。我们纳入了 IFLS-5 中所有处于中老年（年龄≥40 岁）且有完整血压数据的受试者，排除了有高血压既往诊断的患者。高血压前期根据国际高血压学会（ISH）2020 指南定义为高正常血压（收缩压 130-139mmHg 和/或舒张压 85-89mmHg）。考虑了社会人口统计学因素、慢性疾病、身体活动、腰围和营养状况。统计分析包括双变量和多变量分析。
共纳入 5874 例受试者。年龄大于 40 岁的印度尼西亚成年人高血压前期患病率为 32.5%。年龄≥60 岁（调整后的 OR 1.68，95%CI 1.41-2.01，p<0.001）、男性（调整后的 OR 1.65，95%CI 1.45-1.88，p<0.001）、超重（调整后的 OR 1.44，95%CI 1.22-1.70，p<0.001）、肥胖（调整后的 OR 1.77，95%CI 1.48-2.12，p<0.001）和升高的腰围（调整后的 OR 1.32，95%CI 1.11-1.56，p=0.002）是与高血压前期相关的显著危险因素。高血压前期与体重过轻呈负相关（调整后的 OR 0.74，95%CI 0.59-0.93，p=0.009）。
印度尼西亚中老年人群高血压前期的患病率为 32.5%。年龄≥60 岁、男性、超重、肥胖和升高的腰围是高血压前期的危险因素。
