Barrios-Hernández Mary Luz, Bettinelli Carolina, Mora-Cabrera Karen, Vanegas-Camero Maria-Clara, Garcia Hector, van de Vossenberg Jack, Prats Daniel, Brdjanovic Damir, van Loosdrecht Mark C M, Hooijmans Christine M
Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, the Netherlands; Escuela de Química, Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica, Cartago, 159-7050, Costa Rica.
Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, IHE-Delft Institute for Water Education, P.O. Box 3015, 2601 DA Delft, the Netherlands.
Water Res. 2021 May 1;195:116992. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116992. Epub 2021 Mar 1.
The aerobic granular sludge (AGS) process is an effective wastewater treatment technology for organic matter and nutrient removal that has been introduced in the market rapidly. Until now, limited information is available on AGS regarding the removal of bacterial and viral pathogenic organisms present in sewage. This study focussed on determining the relation between reactor operational conditions (plug flow feeding, turbulent aeration and settling) and physical and biological mechanisms on removing two faecal surrogates, Escherichia coli and MS2 bacteriophages. Two AGS laboratory-scale systems were separately fed with influent spiked with 1.0 × 10 CFU/100 mL of E. coli and 1.3 × 10 PFU/100 mL of MS2 bacteriophages and followed during the different operational phases. The reactors contained only granular sludge and no flocculent sludge. Both systems showed reductions in the liquid phase of 0.3 Log during anaerobic feeding caused by a dilution factor and attachment of the organisms on the granules. Higher removal efficiencies were achieved during aeration, approximately 1 Log for E. coli and 0.6 Log for the MS2 bacteriophages caused mainly by predation. The 18S sequencing analysis revealed high operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of free-living protozoa genera Rhogostoma and Telotrochidium concerning the whole eukaryotic community. Attached ciliates propagated after the addition of the E. coli, an active contribution of the genera Epistylis, Vorticella, and Pseudovorticella was found when the reactor reached stability. In contrast, no significant growth of predators occurred when spiking the system with MS2 bacteriophages, indicating a low contribution of protozoa on the phage removal. Settling did not contribute to the removal of the studied bacterial and viral surrogates.
好氧颗粒污泥（AGS）工艺是一种用于去除有机物和营养物质的高效废水处理技术，已迅速推向市场。到目前为止，关于AGS去除污水中细菌和病毒病原体的信息有限。本研究着重确定反应器运行条件（推流进料、紊流曝气和沉淀）与去除两种粪便指示物（大肠杆菌和MS2噬菌体）的物理和生物学机制之间的关系。两个AGS实验室规模的系统分别加入含有1.0×10 CFU/100 mL大肠杆菌和1.3×10 PFU/100 mL MS2噬菌体的进水，并在不同运行阶段进行跟踪。反应器中仅含有颗粒污泥，没有絮凝污泥。由于稀释因子和微生物在颗粒上的附着，两个系统在厌氧进料期间液相中的微生物数量均减少了0.3个对数级。曝气期间实现了更高的去除效率，大肠杆菌约为1个对数级，MS2噬菌体约为0.6个对数级，主要是由于捕食作用。18S测序分析显示，关于整个真核生物群落，自由生活的原生动物类群Rhogostoma和Telotrochidium具有较高的操作分类单元（OTU）。添加大肠杆菌后附着的纤毛虫繁殖，当反应器达到稳定状态时，发现Epistylis、Vorticella和Pseudovorticella属有积极贡献。相比之下，向系统中加入MS2噬菌体时，捕食者没有显著生长，这表明原生动物对噬菌体去除的贡献较低。沉淀对所研究的细菌和病毒指示物的去除没有贡献。
