Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110, Ioannina, Greece; University Research Center of Ioannina (URCI), Institute of Materials Science and Computing, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
Anal Chim Acta. 2021 Apr 8;1153:338271. doi: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.338271. Epub 2021 Feb 8.
Current trends in sample preparation focus on the miniaturization of the process resulting in what is known as microextraction techniques. Among them stir bar sorptive dispersive microextraction (SBSDME) is one of the most recent techniques. It was presented a few years ago as a hybrid microextraction technique that combines the principles of stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and dispersive solid phase extraction (DSPE). This novel technique introduces, into the sample solution, a bar-shaped magnet coated with a magnetic (nano)material, which is maintained on the surface by magnetism. Once stirring starts, the competitive action between magnetism and rotational force is exploited. At low rotational speed the (nano)material is retained on the magnet reminding SBSE, whereas at high sufficiently rotational speed the rotational force surpasses magnetism so that the magnetic (nano)material is dispersed into the sample solution as in DSPE. Upon halting rotation, the magnetic field prevails again and attracts the magnetic (nano)material containing the analytes back on the surface of the stirring bar. Finally, the extracted analytes are chemically or thermally desorbed before their measurement with the appropriate analytical instrument. When compared separately to SBSE and DSPE procedures, SBSDME affords, in a single approach, advantages such as lower extraction times than SBSE and easier extraction and post-extraction treatment than DSPE. The main purpose of this tutorial review is to describe the fundamentals and the experimental variables involved in this technique, as well as to compile and critically discuss the published papers concerning analytical methods based on the use of the SBSDME approach, analyzing its evolution and future prospects.
目前，样品制备的趋势集中于该过程的小型化，从而产生了所谓的微萃取技术。其中，搅拌棒吸附分散微萃取（SBSDME）是最新的技术之一。它是几年前作为一种混合微萃取技术被提出的，该技术结合了搅拌棒吸附萃取（SBSE）和分散固相萃取（DSPE）的原理。这种新技术将涂有磁性（纳米）材料的条形磁铁引入到样品溶液中，通过磁性将其保持在表面上。一旦开始搅拌，就会利用磁性和旋转力之间的竞争作用。在低转速下，（纳米）材料保留在磁铁上，类似于 SBSE，而在足够高的转速下，旋转力超过磁性，从而使磁性（纳米）材料分散到样品溶液中，类似于 DSPE。当停止旋转时，磁场再次占主导地位，并将含有分析物的磁性（纳米）材料吸引回到搅拌棒的表面。最后，在使用适当的分析仪器进行测量之前，将萃取的分析物进行化学或热解吸。与 SBSE 和 DSPE 程序分别进行比较时，SBSDME 在单一方法中提供了一些优势，例如比 SBSE 更短的萃取时间以及比 DSPE 更简单的萃取和萃取后处理。本教程综述的主要目的是描述该技术涉及的基本原理和实验变量，并编译和批判性地讨论有关基于使用 SBSDME 方法的分析方法的已发表论文，分析其演变和未来前景。
