Abercrombie Rachel E
Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2021 May 3;379(2196):20200131. doi: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0131. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Our models and understanding of the dynamics of earthquake rupture are based largely on estimates of earthquake source parameters, such as stress drop and radiated seismic energy. Unfortunately, the measurements, especially those of small and moderate-sized earthquakes (magnitude less than about 5 or 6), are not well resolved, containing significant random and potentially systematic uncertainties. The aim of this review is to provide a context in which to understand the challenges involved in estimating these measurements, and to assess the quality and reliability of reported measurements of earthquake source parameters. I also discuss some of the ways progress is being made towards more reliable parameter measurements. At present, whether the earthquake source is entirely self-similar, or not, and which factors and processes control the physics of the rupture remains, at least in the author's opinion, largely unconstrained. Detailed analysis of the best recorded earthquakes, using the increasing quantity and quality of data available, and methods less dependent on simplistic source models is one approach that may help provide better constraints. This article is part of the theme issue 'Fracture dynamics of solid materials: from particles to the globe'.
我们对地震破裂动力学的模型和理解很大程度上基于地震源参数的估计，如应力降和辐射地震能量。不幸的是，这些测量，尤其是中小型地震（震级小于约5或6）的测量，分辨率不高，包含显著的随机不确定性和潜在的系统不确定性。本综述的目的是提供一个背景，以便理解估计这些测量所涉及的挑战，并评估所报告的地震源参数测量的质量和可靠性。我还将讨论在获得更可靠的参数测量方面正在取得进展的一些方法。目前，至少在作者看来，地震源是否完全自相似，以及哪些因素和过程控制破裂物理，在很大程度上仍未得到约束。利用现有数据数量和质量的不断增加，以及较少依赖简单源模型的方法，对记录最好的地震进行详细分析，是一种可能有助于提供更好约束的方法。本文是主题为“固体材料的断裂动力学：从颗粒到全球”的一部分。
