Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Feb 25;11:586471. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.586471. eCollection 2021.
The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
肺脏不断暴露于环境中的颗粒物（如气传过敏原、污染物或微生物）中，同时受到平衡的免疫反应的保护。固有淋巴细胞（ILC）是一类存在于多种组织部位的免疫细胞，特别是在肺和肠道等屏障表面。ILC 在先天免疫系统中发挥着关键作用，它们参与维持黏膜稳态、炎症调节、组织重塑和病原体清除。近年来，第 3 组固有淋巴细胞（ILC3）已成为感染期间黏膜保护和修复的关键介质，主要通过产生 IL-17 和 IL-22。尽管 ILC3 的研究重点已转移到肠道免疫上，但在呼吸道感染发病机制和慢性肺部炎症性疾病的发展过程中，肺脏 ILC3 的生物学和功能仍不明确。在这篇综述中，我们将主要讨论肺脏 ILC3 如何在抵御病原体挑战和肺部炎症方面发挥作用，以及潜在的机制。
