Gee Dylan G
Yale University, Department of Psychology, 2 Hillhouse Avenue, New Haven, CT 06511.
Curr Opin Behav Sci. 2020 Dec;36:177-184. doi: 10.1016/j.cobeha.2020.11.003. Epub 2020 Dec 3.
Early caregiving experiences play a central role in shaping corticolimbic development and emotional learning and regulation. Given dynamic changes in corticolimbic maturation, the effects of caregiving experiences are likely to depend on the developmental timing of exposure. Cross-species evidence has identified timing-related differences in the effects of caregiving adversity. However, the extent to which developmental differences in associations between caregiving adversity and corticolimbic circuitry align with a sensitive period model has remained unclear. Converging evidence from studies of caregiver deprivation points to a sensitive period for caregiving influences on corticolimbic circuitry and emotional development during infancy. By contrast, differential associations between maltreatment and corticolimbic circuitry at specific ages in childhood and adolescence may reflect experience-dependent mechanisms of plasticity. Delineating sensitive periods of development and the precise experience-related mechanisms by which caregiving experiences influence corticolimbic development is essential for refining conceptual models and understanding risk and resilience following early adversity.
早期照料经历在塑造皮质边缘系统发育以及情绪学习与调节方面发挥着核心作用。鉴于皮质边缘系统成熟过程中的动态变化，照料经历的影响可能取决于接触的发育时机。跨物种证据已确定照料逆境影响方面与时机相关的差异。然而，照料逆境与皮质边缘系统回路之间关联的发育差异在多大程度上符合敏感期模型仍不明确。来自照料者剥夺研究的越来越多的证据表明，在婴儿期存在一个照料对皮质边缘系统回路和情绪发展产生影响的敏感期。相比之下，童年和青少年特定年龄段虐待与皮质边缘系统回路之间的差异关联可能反映了依赖经验的可塑性机制。明确发育敏感期以及照料经历影响皮质边缘系统发育的精确经验相关机制，对于完善概念模型以及理解早期逆境后的风险和恢复力至关重要。
