Suppr超能文献

基因编辑作物蓬勃发展背景下转基因作物的全球监管——综述

Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom - A Review.

作者信息

Turnbull Crystal, Lillemo Morten, Hvoslef-Eide Trine A K

机构信息

Faculty of Biosciences, Institute of Plant Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.

出版信息

Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 24;12:630396. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630396. eCollection 2021.

Abstract

Products derived from agricultural biotechnology is fast becoming one of the biggest agricultural trade commodities globally, clothing us, feeding our livestock, and fueling our eco-friendly cars. This exponential growth occurs despite asynchronous regulatory schemes around the world, ranging from moratoriums and prohibitions on genetically modified (GM) organisms, to regulations that treat both conventional and biotech novel plant products under the same regulatory framework. Given the enormous surface area being cultivated, there is no longer a question of acceptance or outright need for biotech crop varieties. Recent recognition of the researchers for the development of a genome editing technique using CRISPR/Cas9 by the Nobel Prize committee is another step closer to developing and cultivating new varieties of agricultural crops. By employing precise, efficient, yet affordable genome editing techniques, new genome edited crops are entering country regulatory schemes for commercialization. Countries which currently dominate in cultivating and exporting GM crops are quickly recognizing different types of gene-edited products by comparing the products to conventionally bred varieties. This nuanced legislative development, first implemented in Argentina, and soon followed by many, shows considerable shifts in the landscape of agricultural biotechnology products. The evolution of the law on gene edited crops demonstrates that the law is not static and must adjust to the of society, informed by the experiences of 25 years of cultivation and regulation of GM crops. The crux of this review is a consolidation of the global legislative landscape on GM crops, as it stands, building on earlier works by specifically addressing how gene edited crops will fit into the existing frameworks. This work is the first of its kind to synthesize the applicable regulatory documents across the globe, with a focus on GM crop cultivation, and provides links to original legislation on GM and gene edited crops.

摘要

源自农业生物技术的产品正迅速成为全球最大的农产品贸易商品之一,为我们提供衣物、喂养家畜并为环保汽车提供燃料。尽管世界各地的监管方案各不相同,从对转基因生物的暂停和禁令到在同一监管框架下对待传统和生物技术新型植物产品的法规,但这种指数级增长仍在发生。鉴于种植面积巨大,转基因作物品种的接受度或绝对需求已不再是问题。诺贝尔奖委员会最近对利用CRISPR/Cas9开发基因组编辑技术的研究人员的认可,使我们在开发和培育新型农作物方面又迈进了一步。通过采用精确、高效且经济实惠的基因组编辑技术,新的基因组编辑作物正在进入各国的商业化监管方案。目前在转基因作物种植和出口方面占据主导地位的国家,正通过将产品与传统培育品种进行比较,迅速识别不同类型的基因编辑产品。这种细微差别明显的立法发展首先在阿根廷实施,随后许多国家纷纷效仿,显示出农业生物技术产品领域的重大转变。基因编辑作物相关法律的演变表明,法律并非一成不变,必须根据转基因作物25年的种植和监管经验,适应社会的需求。本综述的关键在于巩固目前全球转基因作物的立法格局,在早期工作的基础上,具体探讨基因编辑作物如何融入现有框架。这项工作是同类研究中的首次尝试,综合了全球适用的监管文件,重点关注转基因作物种植,并提供了转基因和基因编辑作物原始立法的链接。

相似文献

1
Global Regulation of Genetically Modified Crops Amid the Gene Edited Crop Boom - A Review.
Front Plant Sci. 2021 Feb 24;12:630396. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.630396. eCollection 2021.
2
A future scenario of the global regulatory landscape regarding genome-edited crops.
GM Crops Food. 2017 Jan 2;8(1):44-56. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2016.1261787. Epub 2016 Dec 14.
3
Regulatory aspects of gene editing in Argentina.
Transgenic Res. 2019 Aug;28(Suppl 2):147-150. doi: 10.1007/s11248-019-00145-2.
4
An Outlook on Global Regulatory Landscape for Genome-Edited Crops.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Oct 29;22(21):11753. doi: 10.3390/ijms222111753.
5
Legislation governing genetically modified and genome-edited crops in Europe: the need for change.
J Sci Food Agric. 2019 Jan 15;99(1):8-12. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.9227. Epub 2018 Aug 19.
6
Trends in global approvals of biotech crops (1992-2014).
GM Crops Food. 2015;6(3):150-66. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1056972. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
8
GMOs or non-GMOs? The CRISPR Conundrum.
Front Plant Sci. 2023 Oct 9;14:1232938. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232938. eCollection 2023.
9
Gene-Edited Crops: Towards a Harmonized Safety Assessment.
Trends Biotechnol. 2019 May;37(5):443-447. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.014. Epub 2019 Jan 4.
10
Impacts of the EU GMO regulatory framework for plant genome editing.
Food Energy Secur. 2019 May;8(2):e00161. doi: 10.1002/fes3.161. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

引用本文的文献

2
DNA-free CRISPR genome editing in raspberry () protoplast through RNP-mediated transfection.
Front Genome Ed. 2025 Jun 30;7:1589431. doi: 10.3389/fgeed.2025.1589431. eCollection 2025.
4
Unlocking gene regulatory networks for crop resilience and sustainable agriculture.
Nat Biotechnol. 2025 Jul 2. doi: 10.1038/s41587-025-02727-4.
5
Beyond the lab: future-proofing agriculture for climate resilience and stress management.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 Jun 13;16:1565850. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1565850. eCollection 2025.
6
Recent developments, challenges and opportunities in genome editing for crop science from a societal perspective.
Front Genome Ed. 2025 Jun 3;7:1568072. doi: 10.3389/fgeed.2025.1568072. eCollection 2025.
8
Genetically Modified Animal-Derived Products: From Regulations to Applications.
Animals (Basel). 2025 May 27;15(11):1570. doi: 10.3390/ani15111570.
9
CRISPR/Cas9: efficient and emerging scope for Brassica crop improvement.
Planta. 2025 Jun 4;262(1):14. doi: 10.1007/s00425-025-04727-9.
10
Evaluating Consumer Perceptions and Safety of Genetically Modified Foods in Africa: A Comprehensive Review.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 Jun 3;13(6):e4730. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.4730. eCollection 2025 Jun.

本文引用的文献

1
Genome Edited Crops Touch the Market: A View on the Global Development and Regulatory Environment.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Oct 9;11:586027. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.586027. eCollection 2020.
2
Regulatory barriers to improving global food security.
Glob Food Sec. 2020 Sep;26:100440. doi: 10.1016/j.gfs.2020.100440. Epub 2020 Sep 28.
3
Paraguay's Path Toward the Simplification of Procedures in the Approval of GE Crops.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Aug 18;8:1023. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01023. eCollection 2020.
4
Genetically modified organisms and food security in Southern Africa: conundrum and discourse.
GM Crops Food. 2021 Jan 1;12(1):25-35. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1794489. Epub 2020 Jul 20.
6
Chile as a key enabler country for global plant breeding, agricultural innovation, and biotechnology.
GM Crops Food. 2020 Jul 2;11(3):130-139. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2020.1761757. Epub 2020 May 13.
7
Gene Editing Regulation and Innovation Economics.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2020 Apr 15;8:303. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00303. eCollection 2020.
8
Biosafety Regulatory Reviews and Leeway to Operate: Case Studies From Sub-Sahara Africa.
Front Plant Sci. 2020 Mar 6;11:130. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00130. eCollection 2020.
9
Options to Reform the European Union Legislation on GMOs: Scope and Definitions.
Trends Biotechnol. 2020 Mar;38(3):231-234. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2019.12.002. Epub 2020 Feb 12.

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验