Aldemita Rhodora R, Reaño Ian Mari E, Solis Renando O, Hautea Randy A
a International Service for the Acquisition of Agri-biotech Applications, South East Asia Center , Los Baños , Laguna , Philippines.
GM Crops Food. 2015;6(3):150-66. doi: 10.1080/21645698.2015.1056972. Epub 2015 Jun 3.
With the increasing number of genetically modified (GM) events, traits, and crops that are developed to benefit the global population, approval of these technologies for food, feed, cultivation and import in each country may vary depending on needs, demand and trade interest. ISAAA established a GMO Approval Database to document global approvals of biotech crops. GM event name, crops, traits, developer, year of approval for cultivation, food/feed, import, and relevant dossiers were sourced from credible government regulatory websites and biosafety clearinghouses. This paper investigates the trends in GM approvals for food, feed and cultivation based on the number of approving countries, GM crops, events, and traits in the last 23 y (1992-2014), rationale for approval, factors influencing approvals, and their implications in GM crop adoption. Results show that in 2014, there was an accumulative increase in the number of countries granting approvals at 29 (79% developing countries) for commercial cultivation and 31 (70% developing countries) for food and 19 (80% developing developing) for feed; 2012 had the highest number of approving countries and cultivation approvals; 2011 had the highest number of country approvals for feed, and 2014 for food approvals. Herbicide tolerance trait had the highest events approved, followed by insect tolerance traits. Approvals for food product quality increased in the second decade. Maize had the highest number of events approved (single and stacked traits), and stacked traits product gradually increased which is already 30% of the total trait approvals. These results may indicate understanding and acceptance of countries to enhance regulatory capability to be able to benefit from GM crop commercialization. Hence, the paper provided information on the trends on the growth of the GM crop industry in the last 23 y which may be vital in predicting future GM crops and traits.
随着为造福全球人口而研发的转基因事件、性状和作物数量不断增加，各国对这些技术用于食品、饲料、种植和进口的批准情况可能因需求、市场需求和贸易利益而有所不同。国际农业生物技术应用服务组织（ISAAA）建立了一个转基因生物批准数据库，以记录全球对转基因作物的批准情况。转基因事件名称、作物、性状、开发者、种植批准年份、食品/饲料、进口及相关档案均来自可靠的政府监管网站和生物安全信息交换所。本文基于过去23年（1992 - 2014年）批准国家的数量、转基因作物、事件和性状，批准理由、影响批准的因素及其对转基因作物采用的影响，对食品、饲料和种植的转基因批准趋势进行了调查。结果表明，2014年，批准商业种植的国家数量累计增加到29个（79%为发展中国家），批准用于食品的国家有31个（70%为发展中国家），批准用于饲料的国家有19个（80%为发展中国家）；2012年批准国家数量和种植批准数量最多；2011年饲料的国家批准数量最多，2014年食品批准数量最多。耐除草剂性状批准的事件最多，其次是抗虫性状。在第二个十年中，对食品产品质量的批准有所增加。玉米批准的事件数量最多（单一和叠加性状），叠加性状产品逐渐增加，已占总性状批准数的30%。这些结果可能表明各国理解并接受了提高监管能力以从转基因作物商业化中受益的做法。因此，本文提供了过去23年转基因作物产业增长趋势的信息，这对于预测未来的转基因作物和性状可能至关重要。
