抗 SARS-CoV-2 的药物再利用和疫苗试验综述。

A Review on Repurposed Drugs and Vaccine Trials for Combating SARS CoV-2.

机构信息

University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.

出版信息

Curr Drug Res Rev. 2021;13(3):203-221. doi: 10.2174/2589977513666210315094752.

DOI:10.2174/2589977513666210315094752

PMID:33719950

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), emerged in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and then spread worldwide rapidly. The records from World Health Organisation (WHO), Centres of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) backup the fact that no medications have proven to be completely effective for prevention or treatment of SARS-CoV-2. The clinical trials are underway for many repurposed, investigational drugs and vaccine candidates. BioNTech and Pfizer Inc, Moderna, Gamaleya institute and University of Oxford (collaboration with AstraZeneca) announced positive results in the Phase 3 interim analyses of vaccine trials in November 2020. Twelve countries have approved Pfizer- BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine for emergency use, as of December 2020.

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to summarize the repurposed/investigational drugs, their mechanism of action, and rationale for their use in COVID-19 treatment. The article also aimed to summarize the vaccine trials that are currently undergoing across the globe.

METHODS

In order to find the content for review, studies defining COVID-19 chronology, repurposed drugs along with their mode of action and potential vaccine trials were studied and summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The article summarizes potential therapeutic candidates (repurposed and investigational agents) for SARS-CoV-2, their possible mechanism of action and discussion related to their involvement in recent clinical trials. Innovative vaccine platform technologies are also highlighted that are recently being used in the vaccine production pipeline.

摘要

背景

2019 年新型冠状病毒病（COVID-19）于 2019 年 12 月在中国武汉出现，随后迅速在全球范围内传播。世界卫生组织（WHO）、疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）和食品和药物管理局（FDA）的记录证实，没有任何药物被证明对预防或治疗 SARS-CoV-2 完全有效。许多已被重新利用的、正在研究的药物和疫苗候选物的临床试验正在进行中。BioNTech 和辉瑞公司、Moderna、加马列亚研究所和牛津大学（与阿斯利康合作）于 2020 年 11 月宣布了疫苗试验的 3 期中期分析的积极结果。截至 2020 年 12 月，已有 12 个国家批准辉瑞-BioNTech COVID-19 疫苗紧急使用。