Pigarova E A, Povalyaeva A A, Dzeranova L K, Rozhinskaya L Y, Mokrysheva N G
Endocrinology Research Centre.
Ter Arkh. 2020 Dec 26;92(11):98-105. doi: 10.26442/00403660.2020.11.000785.
A link between vitamin D deficiency and susceptibility to infectious diseases was suggested over a hundred years ago. Epidemiological studies show a strong association between seasonal fluctuations in vitamin D levels and the incidence of various infectious diseases, including septic shock, acute respiratory infections, and influenza. Our understanding of vitamin D metabolism and its extra-skeletal functions has improved significantly over the past three decades, and the discovery that the vitamin D receptor and 1a-hydroxylase, an enzyme needed to convert vitamin D to its active form, is present in the cells of the immune system, revolutionized in this area. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D regulates the expression of specific endogenous antimicrobial peptides in immune cells, modulates the immune response and the course of autoimmune processes; these actions indicate the potential role of vitamin D in modulating the immune response to various infectious diseases. This publication reviews the literature on the effects of vitamin D on immunity, its potential in the prevention and treatment of viral diseases, with a particular focus on COVID-19.
一百多年前就有人提出维生素D缺乏与易患传染病之间存在联系。流行病学研究表明，维生素D水平的季节性波动与包括脓毒症休克、急性呼吸道感染和流感在内的各种传染病的发病率之间存在密切关联。在过去三十年里，我们对维生素D代谢及其骨骼外功能的认识有了显著提高，免疫系统细胞中存在维生素D受体和将维生素D转化为其活性形式所需的1α-羟化酶这一发现，在该领域引发了变革。最近的研究表明，维生素D可调节免疫细胞中特定内源性抗菌肽的表达，调节免疫反应和自身免疫过程的进程；这些作用表明维生素D在调节对各种传染病的免疫反应中具有潜在作用。本出版物综述了关于维生素D对免疫的影响、其在预防和治疗病毒性疾病方面的潜力的文献，尤其关注了新型冠状病毒肺炎。
