Kotera Yasuhiro, Dosedlova Jaroslava, Andrzejewski Denise, Kaluzeviciute Greta, Sakai Makoto
Human Sciences Research Centre, University of Derby, Derby, UK.
Department of Psychology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Int J Ment Health Addict. 2022;20(4):2321-2332. doi: 10.1007/s11469-021-00516-z. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Psychological stress has become a major concern, potentially leading to diverse health problems including psychopathology such as depression and anxiety. Transactional Model of Stress and Coping is an established model, conceptualizing stressful experiences via person-environment relationship. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the pathway from stress to depression/anxiety, with a focus on self-criticism (inadequate-self and hated-self) and self-reassurance (reassured-self) in Czech students who suffered from high prevalence of mental health problems. Convenience sample of 119 undergraduates completed the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 and the Forms of the Self-Criticizing/Attacking & Self-Reassuring Scale. Correlation and path analyses were conducted. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines were used to aid an accurate and complete report of the study. Depression, anxiety, and stress were positively associated with inadequate-self and hated-self while negatively associated with reassured-self. Both inadequate-self and hated-self partially mediated the stress-depression and stress-anxiety relationships, whereas reassured-self only partially mediated the stress-depression relationship. Inadequate-self had greater impact on the stress-depression/anxiety pathways than hated-self and reassured-self. Findings indicate that clinical treatment may benefit from targeting the feelings of inadequacy to prevent stress progressing to psychopathology. This is particularly relevant as stress levels are rising globally. Our findings offer developments to the Transactional Model, and help practitioners and educators identify solutions to protect mental health of Czech university students.
心理压力已成为一个主要关注点，可能导致包括抑郁症和焦虑症等精神病理学在内的各种健康问题。应激与应对的交互模型是一个既定模型，通过人与环境的关系来概念化应激体验。这项横断面研究旨在探索从压力到抑郁/焦虑的途径，重点关注心理健康问题高发的捷克学生中的自我批评（自我不足和自我厌恶）和自我安慰（自我肯定）。119名本科生的便利样本完成了抑郁焦虑压力量表-21和自我批评/攻击与自我安慰量表。进行了相关性和路径分析。采用加强流行病学观察性研究报告指南来辅助准确完整地报告该研究。抑郁、焦虑和压力与自我不足和自我厌恶呈正相关，与自我肯定呈负相关。自我不足和自我厌恶都部分介导了压力与抑郁以及压力与焦虑的关系，而自我肯定仅部分介导了压力与抑郁的关系。自我不足对压力与抑郁/焦虑途径的影响大于自我厌恶和自我肯定。研究结果表明，针对不足感进行临床治疗可能有助于预防压力发展为精神病理学。鉴于全球压力水平不断上升，这一点尤为重要。我们的研究结果为交互模型提供了发展，并帮助从业者和教育工作者找到保护捷克大学生心理健康的解决方案。
