Department Hydrogeology and Landscape Hydrology, Institute for Biology and Environmental Science of the Carl-von-Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Uhlhornsweg 84, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
Department Applied Geology, Geoscience Center of the University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 15;778:146306. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146306. Epub 2021 Mar 9.
Lincomycin, an antibiotic commonly used in veterinary medicine, is frequently detected within the agricultural environment. The active compound enters the aquatic environment after manure application via infiltration or surface run-off, where it may negatively affect non-target organisms and contribute to the development and spread of resistant genes. However, a review on the fate of lincomycin within the agricultural and aquatic environment is lacking. Hence, to provide an overview, the main part of this paper summarizes the current literature on the occurrence, effects and behaviour of lincomycin in all relevant environmental compartments, including manure, soil, surface water and groundwater. Lincomycin was regularly detected in all environmental compartments and even in the food chain, appeared to sorb temporarily and mainly in its cationic microspecies, and dissipated after time periods that could cover days, months, or years, depending on the compartment and conditions. As noticed during the literature research conducted, information on the attenuation of lincomycin in terms of biological degradation in the aquatic environment is widely lacking, although it seems that biodegradation is the major removal mechanism. Therefore, a laboratory study, implemented by means of batch experiments, was carried out in order to evaluate the biological degradation of lincomycin in the aquatic environment. First order degradation started after a start-up phase of 10-14 days with a degradation rate constant of 0.55 d and a half-life time of 30 h. Further, the degradation rate constant was found to be independent of initial concentrations as long as concentrations did not exceed a concentration level at which the bacteria were inhibited, as it was the case in this study at a concentration of 10 mg L. Biodegradation was confirmed as an important degradation pathway for LIN in the aquatic environment.
林可霉素是一种常用于兽医的抗生素，常被发现在农业环境中。该活性化合物通过渗透或地表径流施用于粪便后进入水生环境，可能对非目标生物产生负面影响，并促进耐药基因的产生和传播。然而，目前缺乏关于林可霉素在农业和水生环境中归宿的综述。因此，为了提供概述，本文的主要部分总结了当前关于林可霉素在所有相关环境介质（包括粪便、土壤、地表水和地下水）中的发生、影响和行为的文献。林可霉素经常在所有环境介质中被检测到，甚至在食物链中，似乎暂时主要以其阳离子微粒体形式吸附，并在数天、数月或数年内消散，这取决于环境介质和条件。在进行文献研究时注意到，水生环境中林可霉素生物降解衰减方面的信息广泛缺乏，尽管似乎生物降解是主要的去除机制。因此，通过批量实验实施了一项实验室研究，以评估林可霉素在水生环境中的生物降解。在 10-14 天的启动阶段后，一级降解开始，降解速率常数为 0.55 d，半衰期为 30 h。此外，只要浓度不超过抑制细菌的浓度水平，如本研究中 10 mg L 的浓度，初始浓度对降解速率常数的影响就不显著。生物降解被确认为林可霉素在水生环境中的重要降解途径。
