Docherty Lorraine, Foley Patricia L
Division of Comparative Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA.
One Health. 2021 Mar 1;12:100231. doi: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100231. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Lessons learned from recent pandemics, such as SARS-CoV-2 have illustrated that education and training in a One Health approach, which recognizes the interdependency of the health of people, animals and the environment, are essential in improving preparations for and responses to disease outbreaks. For this reason and others, there is a critical need to provide One Health (OH) training to medical professionals early in their careers. 133 U.S. medical schools were surveyed for the incorporation of OH learning activities. Results showed that 56% of surveyed programs included OH-related subject matter, primarily in the context of preclinical classroom learning. This supports previous findings that OH education efforts in medical schools lag behind veterinary schools, with many veterinary schools already including OH as a central part of their curricula. A two week OH elective course for third year medical students was developed and implemented at Georgetown University School of Medicine. Topics such as emerging infectious diseases, zoonoses, vector-borne diseases, epidemiology, emergency preparedness, the human-animal bond, and effects of climate change on public health were discussed. The 21 participants were surveyed before and after the course regarding their knowledge and understanding of OH. Participation in the course enhanced the students' knowledge of OH and furthermore, the students' perception of the importance of incorporating OH within the curriculum and in their future careers changed significantly. This study provides clear evidence that successful integration of OH material is achievable at low cost through interdepartmental and interdisciplinary collaboration. A more holistic approach to health care that takes into consideration environmental, wildlife, and domestic animal factors, and introduction of concepts such as OH into the medical school curriculum, can help close the educational gaps identified in the surveys.
从近期的大流行（如新冠病毒）中吸取的经验教训表明，采用“同一健康”方法进行教育和培训至关重要，这种方法认识到人类、动物和环境健康的相互依存关系，对于改善疾病爆发的防范和应对工作很有必要。出于这个原因以及其他原因，迫切需要在医学专业人员职业生涯早期为其提供“同一健康”（OH）培训。对133所美国医学院校纳入OH学习活动的情况进行了调查。结果显示，56%的受调查项目包含OH相关主题，主要是在临床前课堂学习的背景下。这支持了之前的研究结果，即医学院校的OH教育工作落后于兽医学院，许多兽医学院已经将OH作为其课程的核心部分。乔治敦大学医学院为三年级医学生开发并实施了一门为期两周的OH选修课程。讨论了诸如新发传染病、人畜共患病、媒介传播疾病、流行病学、应急准备、人兽关系以及气候变化对公共卫生的影响等主题。在课程前后对21名参与者进行了关于他们对OH的知识和理解的调查。参与该课程增强了学生对OH的知识，此外，学生对将OH纳入课程以及他们未来职业的重要性的认知发生了显著变化。这项研究提供了明确的证据，表明通过跨部门和跨学科合作，可以低成本成功整合OH材料。一种更全面的医疗保健方法，考虑到环境、野生动物和家畜因素，并将OH等概念引入医学院课程，可以帮助弥合调查中发现的教育差距。
