J Oral Facial Pain Headache. 2021;35(1):54-61. doi: 10.11607/ofph.2790.
To clarify the mechanisms of hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in intraoral structures in rats with diabetes mellitus (DM) accompanied by reduced saliva.
Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single injection of streptozocin (50 mg/kg) to induce DM. Saliva volume, intraoral hypersensitivity to menthol and capsaicin solutions, and head-withdrawal thresholds (HWTs) to noxious heat and mechanical stimulation of the tongue and whisker pad were measured.
On day 7 after streptozocin injection, rats with DM had a significantly reduced spontaneous saliva volume, polydipsia, capsaicin aversion of the intraoral mucosa, and a reduced HWT to noxious mechanical stimulation of the whisker pad skin. The HWT to noxious mechanical stimulation of the tongue reduced further on day 14 after streptozocin injection. These symptoms are similar to the orofacial and intraoral complaints of patients with DM. Meanwhile, reduction of HWT to noxious heat stimulation of the tongue and whisker pad were not observed. These results indicate that spontaneous intraoral mucosal pain and mechanical facial hypersensitivity are antecedent symptoms before mechanical hypersensitivity of the tongue.
The mechanisms of saliva reduction, spontaneous intraoral mucosa pain, and mechanical hypersensitivity of intraoral and facial structures induced by DM involve both peripheral and autonomic neuropathies. Tongue hypersensitivity to noxious mechanical stimulation might be aggravated by xerostomia.
阐明伴有唾液减少的糖尿病（DM）大鼠口腔内结构超敏反应和自发性疼痛的机制。
成年雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠单次注射链脲佐菌素（50mg/kg）诱导 DM。测量唾液量、口腔对薄荷醇和辣椒素溶液的超敏反应以及头部对有害热和舌及须垫机械刺激的退缩阈值（HWT）。
在链脲佐菌素注射后第 7 天，DM 大鼠的自发性唾液量显著减少，多饮，口腔黏膜对辣椒素的厌恶，以及对胡须垫皮肤有害机械刺激的 HWT 降低。在链脲佐菌素注射后第 14 天，对舌的有害机械刺激的 HWT 进一步降低。这些症状类似于 DM 患者的口腔和口腔内投诉。同时，对舌和胡须垫的有害热刺激的 HWT 降低没有观察到。这些结果表明，DM 引起的唾液减少、自发性口腔黏膜疼痛和口腔及面部结构的机械性超敏反应的机制既涉及周围神经病变，也涉及自主神经病变。对有害机械刺激的舌超敏反应可能因口干而加重。
