[2型新型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的研究进展]

[Advances in researches of serotype 2 novel oral polio vaccine].

作者信息

Chen S Y, Li Y, Yang J S, Yin X X

机构信息

Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming 650118, China.

出版信息

Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2021 Mar 6;55(3):413-417. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200514-00727.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20200514-00727

PMID:33730837

Abstract

In April 2016, the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) adjusted its polio vaccination strategy, converting trivalent oral polio vaccine (tOPV) into bivalent oral polio vaccine (bOPV), and withdrawing type 2 oral polio vaccine (OPV2) globally. However, after the withdrawal of OPV2, there were many outbreaks of type-2 circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV2) in Asia and Africa. In order to eradicate poliovirus completely, GPEI launched the research and development of the novel serotype 2 oral polio vaccine (nOPV2) in 2010 and considering whether it is necessary to reuse OPV. This paper summarizes the epidemiological situation of cVDPV2 before and after OPV2's withdrawal, the related factors affecting the reuse of OPV and the related research progress of nOPV2.

摘要

2016年4月，全球消灭脊髓灰质炎行动（GPEI）调整了脊髓灰质炎疫苗接种策略，将三价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（tOPV）转换为二价口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（bOPV），并在全球范围内停用2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（OPV2）。然而，OPV2停用后，亚洲和非洲出现了多起2型循环疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒（cVDPV2）疫情。为了彻底消灭脊髓灰质炎病毒，GPEI于2010年启动了新型2型口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗（nOPV2）的研发，并考虑是否有必要重新使用OPV。本文总结了OPV2停用前后cVDPV2的流行病学情况、影响OPV重新使用的相关因素以及nOPV2的相关研究进展。