Younis Maha Sulaiman, Khudhiar Lafta Riyadh
College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq.
Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021 Dec;67(8):977-983. doi: 10.1177/00207640211003602. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Generations of women living in Iraq endured three major regional wars and internal conflicts, which weakened their psychological vulnerability and social role by poverty, displacements, and loss of their beloved ones. The available literature about women's mental health is scarce and does not signify the gender inequality and gender disparity of mental disorders.
During 1st August to October 2020, we explored the search engines: Google Scholar, Pub-Med, Medline, and Clarivate using keywords of Iraq, gender inequality, women's mental health, violence, and conflict, mental disorders, gender-based violence, etc. From 1792 research items, 64 articles were scrutinized for this study. We selected the most relevant studies with some available documents excluding data bout Immigrant women outside Iraq and reports from foreign military sources.
Women living in Iraq have struggled for equality and empowerment since the 20th century. For the last four decades, successive wars, economic sanction, gender-based violence, and internal conflicts have affected their development endeavors. The 2003 US-led invasion caused a loss of lives, destruction of infrastructure, and forced displacement for tens of thousands of civilians, including women and children. These atrocities increased women's vulnerability to develop or worsen the existing mental disorders. This review tries to attract world attention to women's situations in Iraq.
几代生活在伊拉克的女性经历了三场主要的地区战争和内部冲突，贫困、流离失所以及失去亲人削弱了她们的心理承受能力和社会角色。关于女性心理健康的现有文献稀缺，且未体现精神障碍方面的性别不平等和性别差异。
在2020年8月1日至10月期间，我们利用“伊拉克”“性别不平等”“女性心理健康”“暴力”“冲突”“精神障碍”“基于性别的暴力”等关键词，在谷歌学术、PubMed、Medline和科睿唯安等搜索引擎上进行搜索。从1792篇研究项目中，筛选出64篇文章用于本研究。我们选择了一些最相关的研究以及一些现有文献，排除了关于伊拉克境外移民女性的数据和外国军事来源的报告。
自20世纪以来，生活在伊拉克的女性一直在为平等和赋权而奋斗。在过去的四十年里，接连不断的战争、经济制裁、基于性别的暴力和内部冲突影响了她们的发展努力。2003年美国领导的入侵造成了人员伤亡、基础设施破坏，并导致包括妇女和儿童在内的数万名平民被迫流离失所。这些暴行增加了女性患现有精神障碍或使病情恶化的易感性。本综述旨在引起世界对伊拉克女性状况的关注。
