Abou-Shaara Hossam, AlAshaal Sara, Nasser Mohamed, Nasif Omaima, Alharbi Sulaiman
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22516, Egypt.
Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Saudi J Biol Sci. 2021 Mar;28(3):1548-1556. doi: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.12.035. Epub 2020 Dec 28.
Various viruses can infect honey bees, but deformed wing virus (DWV) is considered the most dangerous virus to them and has role in the sudden decline of bee colonies. This virus has different strains; however, there are no available studies to compare the characteristics of these strains utilizing bioinformatics. In this study, 27 strains of deformed wing virus were analyzed based on their sequences and their genetic relationships. Also, some primers were designed and tested to identify their ability to separate DWV strains. The percentages range from 28.99% to 29.63%, 22.28% to 22.78%, 15.73% to 16.28%, and 31.71% to 32.86% for nucleotides A, G, C, and T, respectively in all strains. The numbers of polymorphic sites as well as nucleotide diversity were highly similar in all strains. Statistical analyses generally showed the absence of high variations between sequences. Also, the phylogenetic tree classified strains into three groups. The network between strains of each group was established and discussed based on their geographical locations. Two groups contained strains from USA and Europe while one group contained strains from Asia. Rapid variations and mutations in the sequences of DWV were suggested. Notably, genetic studies on DWV are lacking in some geographical regions. The variations between strains detected in honey bees and other organisms were discussed. Four primers were designed and tested beside two reference primers. One of the designed primers showed the best results in binding with all DWV strains except one.
多种病毒可感染蜜蜂，但变形翅病毒（DWV）被认为是对它们最危险的病毒，且在蜂群的突然减少中起作用。这种病毒有不同的毒株；然而，尚无利用生物信息学比较这些毒株特征的研究。在本研究中，基于27种变形翅病毒毒株的序列及其遗传关系进行了分析。此外，还设计并测试了一些引物，以确定它们区分DWV毒株的能力。所有毒株中核苷酸A、G、C和T的百分比分别在28.99%至29.63%、22.28%至22.78%、15.73%至16.28%和31.71%至32.86%之间。所有毒株的多态性位点数量以及核苷酸多样性高度相似。统计分析总体显示序列之间不存在高度变异。此外，系统发育树将毒株分为三组。根据它们的地理位置建立并讨论了每组毒株之间的网络关系。两组包含来自美国和欧洲的毒株，而一组包含来自亚洲的毒株。研究表明DWV序列存在快速变异和突变。值得注意的是，一些地理区域缺乏对DWV的遗传学研究。讨论了在蜜蜂和其他生物体中检测到的毒株之间的变异。除了两种参考引物外，还设计并测试了四种引物。其中一种设计的引物在与除一种之外的所有DWV毒株结合方面显示出最佳结果。
