Systems Analysis Unit, IMDEA Energy, E-28935 Móstoles, Spain; Chemical and Environmental Engineering Group, Rey Juan Carlos University, E-28933 Móstoles, Spain.
TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), E-48160 Derio, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jun 1;771:145432. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145432. Epub 2021 Jan 28.
Road transport is associated with high greenhouse gas emissions due to its current dependence on fossil fuels. In this regard, the implementation of alternative fuels such as hydrogen is expected to play a key role in decarbonising the transport system. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to the suitability of hydrogen production pathways as low-carbon solutions. In this work, an energy systems optimisation model for the prospective assessment of a national hydrogen production mix was upgraded in order to unveil the potential role of grey hydrogen from steam methane reforming (SMR) and blue hydrogen from SMR with CO capture and storage (CCS) in satisfying the hydrogen demanded by fuel cell electric vehicles in Spain from 2020 to 2050. This was done by including CCS retrofit of SMR plants in the energy systems model, as a potential strategy within the scope of the European Hydrogen Strategy. Considering three hypothetical years for banning hydrogen from fossil-based plants without CCS (2030, 2035, and 2040), it was found that SMR could satisfy the whole demand for hydrogen for road transport in the short term (2020-2030), while being substituted by water electrolysis in the medium-to-long term (2030-2050). Furthermore, this trend was found to be associated with an appropriate prospective behaviour in terms of carbon footprint.
由于道路运输目前依赖化石燃料，因此其温室气体排放量很高。在这方面，预计替代燃料（如氢气）的实施将在减少运输系统的碳排放方面发挥关键作用。然而，应注意氢气生产途径作为低碳解决方案的适宜性。在这项工作中，升级了一个用于前瞻性评估国家氢气生产组合的能源系统优化模型，以揭示蒸汽甲烷重整（SMR）产生的灰色氢气和 SMR 与 CO2 捕集与封存（CCS）相结合产生的蓝色氢气在满足西班牙 2020 年至 2050 年燃料电池电动汽车对氢气的需求方面的潜在作用。这是通过在能源系统模型中纳入 SMR 工厂的 CCS 改造来实现的，这是欧洲氢气战略范围内的潜在策略。考虑到 2030 年、2035 年和 2040 年禁止没有 CCS 的化石燃料制氢厂使用氢气的三个假设年份，发现 SMR 可以在短期内（2020 年至 2030 年）满足道路运输对氢气的全部需求，而在中长期（2030 年至 2050 年）则由水电解取代。此外，发现这一趋势与碳足迹方面的适当前瞻性行为有关。
