Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 15;769:144846. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144846. Epub 2021 Jan 19.
Iodinated contrast media (ICM) are drugs which are used in medical examinations for organ imaging purposes. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have shown incapability to remove ICM, and as a consequence, ICM and their transformation products (TPs) have been detected in environmental waters. ICM show limited biotransformation and low sorption potential. ICM can act as iodine source and can react with commonly used disinfectants such as chlorine in presence of organic matter to yield iodinated disinfection byproducts (IDBPs) which are more cytotoxic and genotoxic than conventionally known disinfection byproducts (DBPs). Even highly efficient advanced treatment systems have failed to completely mineralize ICM, and TPs that are more toxic than parent ICM are produced. This raises issues regarding the efficacy of existing treatment technologies and serious concern over disinfection of ICM containing waters. Realizing this, the current review aims to capture the attention of scientific community on areas of less focus. The review features in depth knowledge regarding complete environmental fate of ICM along with their existing treatment options.
含碘造影剂（ICM）是用于器官成像目的的医学检查药物。废水处理厂（WWTP）已显示出无法去除 ICM 的能力，因此，在环境水中已检测到 ICM 和它们的转化产物（TPs）。ICM 表现出有限的生物转化和低吸附潜力。ICM 可以作为碘源，并可以在有机物存在的情况下与常用的消毒剂（如氯）反应，生成比传统已知的消毒副产物（DBPs）更具细胞毒性和遗传毒性的碘代消毒副产物（IDBPs）。即使是高效的先进处理系统也未能完全矿化 ICM，并且产生了比母体 ICM 毒性更大的 TPs。这引发了对现有处理技术功效的质疑，并对含有 ICM 的水的消毒产生了严重关注。意识到这一点，本综述旨在引起科学界对关注较少领域的关注。该综述深入介绍了 ICM 的完整环境命运及其现有处理选择。
