Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Earth and Environmental Science, Temple University, PA, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 May 10;768:144992. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144992. Epub 2021 Jan 8.
Depletion of groundwater is accelerated due to an increase in water demand for applications in urbanized areas, agriculture sectors, and energy extraction, and dwindling surface water during changing climate. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is one of the several methods that can help achieve long-term water sustainability by increasing the natural recharge of groundwater reservoirs with water from non-traditional supplies such as excess surface water, stormwater, and treated wastewater. Despite the multiple benefits of MAR, the wide-scale implementation of MAR is lacking, partly because of challenges to select the location for MAR implementation and identify the MAR type based on site conditions and needs. In this review, we provide an overview of MAR types with a basic framework to select and implement specific MAR at a site based on water availability and quality, land use, source type, soil, and aquifer properties. Our analysis of 1127 MAR projects shows that MAR has been predominantly implemented in sites with sandy clay loam soil (soil group C) and with access to river water for recharge. Spatial analysis reveals that many regions with depleting water storage have opportunities to implement MAR projects. Analyzing data from 34 studies where stormwater was used for recharge, we show that MAR can remove dissolved organic carbon, most metals, E. coli but not efficient at removing most trace organics, and enterococci. Removal efficiency depends on the type of MAR. In the end, we highlight potential challenges for implementing MAR at a site and additional benefits such as minimizing land subsidence, flood risk, augmenting low dry-season flow, and minimizing salt-water intrusion. These results could help identify locations in the water-stressed regions to implement specific MAR for water sustainability.
由于城市化地区、农业部门和能源开采对水的需求增加，以及气候变化导致地表水资源减少，地下水的消耗加速。含水层人工补给 (MAR) 是多种方法之一，可以通过利用非传统水源（如多余的地表水、雨水和处理后的废水）增加地下水储层的自然补给，从而实现长期的水资源可持续性。尽管 MAR 有多种好处，但由于在选择 MAR 实施地点和根据场地条件和需求确定 MAR 类型方面存在挑战，因此广泛实施 MAR 的情况并不多见。在这篇综述中，我们提供了 MAR 类型的概述，并提供了一个基本框架，根据水的可用性和质量、土地利用、水源类型、土壤和含水层特性，在特定地点选择和实施特定的 MAR。我们对 1127 个 MAR 项目的分析表明，MAR 主要在具有粉质粘壤土（土壤组 C）和可获得河水补给的地点实施。空间分析显示，许多水资源储量减少的地区有机会实施 MAR 项目。我们分析了 34 项使用雨水进行补给的研究的数据，结果表明 MAR 可以去除溶解有机碳、大多数金属、大肠杆菌，但去除大多数痕量有机物和肠球菌的效率不高。去除效率取决于 MAR 的类型。最后，我们强调了在特定地点实施 MAR 可能面临的挑战以及其他潜在好处，例如最大限度地减少地面沉降、降低洪水风险、增加低枯水季节流量和最小化咸水入侵。这些结果可以帮助确定水资源紧张地区实施具体 MAR 以实现水资源可持续性的地点。
