Flamarion Edouard, Reichert Constance, Sayegh Caroline, de Saint Gilles David, Bariseel Romane, Arnoux Jean Baptise, Schmitt Caroline, Poli Antoine, Karras Alexandre, Pouchot Jacques, Cheminet Geoffrey, Penet Marie Aude
Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de médecine interne, APHP-Centre, Université de Paris, France.
Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Service de médecine interne, APHP-Centre, Université de Paris, France.
Rev Med Interne. 2022 Jan;43(1):31-38. doi: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.02.009. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Looking at the urine for diagnostic purposes, once performed by ancient Egyptians, can still provide some valuable clues in modern medicine. Several diseases have been named after their associated urine color and this underlines the clinical value of visual urine inspection: blue diaper disease, purple urine bag syndrome, black urine disease or porphyria. Abnormal urine color could be challenging for the clinician: it may reveal neoplastic disease (urologic cancer; melanoma), cell lysis (rhabdomyolysis; hemolysis), infection (lymphatic filariasis; malaria), enzyme deficiency (porphyria; alkaptonuria), medication or food intake. In this article, we present the diagnostic approach, the mechanisms involved and the main causes of abnormal urine color.
通过观察尿液进行诊断，古埃及人曾采用过这种方法，在现代医学中它仍能提供一些有价值的线索。有几种疾病就是以其相关的尿液颜色来命名的，这凸显了肉眼尿液检查的临床价值：蓝色尿布综合征、紫色尿袋综合征、黑尿病或卟啉病。尿液颜色异常可能给临床医生带来挑战：它可能提示肿瘤性疾病（泌尿系统癌症；黑色素瘤）、细胞溶解（横纹肌溶解；溶血）、感染（淋巴丝虫病；疟疾）、酶缺乏（卟啉病；尿黑酸尿症）、药物或食物摄入情况。在本文中，我们介绍了异常尿液颜色的诊断方法、涉及的机制以及主要病因。
