武汉烧伤研究所 12661 例小儿烧伤分析：十五年回顾性研究。
Analysis of 12,661 pediatric burns in Wuhan institute of burns: A retrospective study of fifteen years.
机构信息
Wuhan Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, China.
Wuhan Institute of Burns, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University (Wuhan Third Hospital), Wuhan, China.
出版信息
Burns. 2021 Dec;47(8):1915-1921. doi: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.02.021. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
BACKGROUND
By analyzing the epidemic characteristics of pediatric burns in a burn center serving large areas of Hubei Provence and partly surrounding provinces around Wuhan City, the aim of this study is to provide better strategies for the prevention and care for pediatric burns.
METHODS
Pediatric burn patients who were younger than 13 years old in Wuhan Third Hospital from 2004 to 2018 were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected, analyzed and compared among groups.
RESULTS
12,661 pediatric burns, mean aged 2.37 ± 2.30 y, were admitted during the 15 years, with 7973 boys (62.97%) and 4688 girls (37.03%). By age groups, infant (<3y), preschool (>3-6y) and school children (>6-13y) accounted for 81.12% (10,270 cases), 12.08% (1530 cases) and 6.80% (861 cases) respectively. The most cause of injury was scalds (11,232, 88.71%), followed by flame burns (917, 7.24%), electric burns (201, 1.59%), contact burns (127, 1.00%), firework or firecracker (124, 0.98%), chemical burns (40, 0.32%) and hot crush injury (20, 0.16%). The mean age of firework or firecracker burns was 6.19 ± 2.83y, electric burns 5.18 ± 3.31y, flame burns 4.73 ± 3.53y, hot crush injury 3.85 ± 2.37 y, contact burns 3.66 ± 3.35y, chemical burns 3.03 ± 2.50y, and scald 2.06 ± 1.91y. Over half cases (57.34%) were small burns less than 10% total burn surface area (TBSA) and the larger TBSA, the fewer number of patients. The mortality rate was 0.11% and correlated with TBSA, age and etiology. The mean length of stay (LOS) was 12.63 ± 11.91 days and highly correlated with etiology and TBSA. The mean hospital cost was 11210.76 ± 21248.87 RMB (about 1600 USD) or 1626.91 ± 3957.59 RMB (about 230 USD) per % TBSA, which was correlated with depth of burn, TBSA, etiology, LOS and age.
CONCLUSION
Pediatric burns in central China was still common and even increasing. Majority of the pediatric burn victims were boys under three years old, while the mean ages of different etiologies varied from about 2-6 years old. Education and prevention aiming the high risks are the key point to decrease pediatric burns.
背景
通过分析服务于湖北大片地区和武汉市周边部分省份的烧伤中心的儿科烧伤流行特征，本研究旨在为儿科烧伤的预防和护理提供更好的策略。
方法
纳入 2004 年至 2018 年在武汉市第三医院就诊的年龄小于 13 岁的儿科烧伤患者。收集、分析和比较各组的人口统计学和临床数据。
结果
15 年间共收治 12661 例儿科烧伤患者，平均年龄为 2.37 ± 2.30 岁，其中男 7973 例（62.97%），女 4688 例（37.03%）。按年龄分组，婴儿（<3 岁）、学龄前（>3-6 岁）和学龄儿童（>6-13 岁）分别占 81.12%（10270 例）、12.08%（1530 例）和 6.80%（861 例）。最常见的损伤原因是烫伤（11232 例，88.71%），其次是火焰烧伤（917 例，7.24%）、电烧伤（201 例，1.59%）、接触烧伤（127 例，1.00%）、烟花爆竹烧伤（124 例，0.98%）、化学烧伤（40 例，0.32%）和热挤压伤（20 例，0.16%）。烟花爆竹烧伤的平均年龄为 6.19 ± 2.83 岁，电烧伤为 5.18 ± 3.31 岁，火焰烧伤为 4.73 ± 3.53 岁，热挤压伤为 3.85 ± 2.37 岁，接触烧伤为 3.66 ± 3.35 岁，化学烧伤为 3.03 ± 2.50 岁，烫伤为 2.06 ± 1.91 岁。超过一半的病例（57.34%）为小面积烧伤，烧伤总面积（TBSA）小于 10%，烧伤面积越大，患者越少。死亡率为 0.11%，与 TBSA、年龄和病因有关。平均住院时间（LOS）为 12.63 ± 11.91 天，与病因和 TBSA高度相关。平均住院费用为 11210.76 ± 21248.87 元（约 1600 美元）或 1626.91 ± 3957.59 元（约 230 美元）/%TBSA，与烧伤深度、TBSA、病因、LOS 和年龄有关。
结论
中国中部地区的儿科烧伤仍然很常见，甚至呈上升趋势。大多数儿科烧伤受害者是三岁以下的男孩，而不同病因的平均年龄从 2 岁到 6 岁不等。针对高危人群开展教育和预防是减少儿科烧伤的关键。
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