División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CP 04510 Ciudad de México, México.
Physiol Behav. 2021 Jun 1;235:113390. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113390. Epub 2021 Mar 16.
The objective was to study masticatory function of 8 to 10-year-old children with Down syndrome (DS) through the evaluation of maximum occlusal force and masticatory performance (via medium particle size) and compare it to that of children of the same age without DS.
A convenience sample of eight, 8-10-year-old children with DS were included in this cross-sectional study. The study had ethical approval and parents provided informed consent. Exclusion criteria were large carious lesions, dental pain or previous orthodontic/orthopedic treatment. Masticatory performance was evaluated with an artificial test food (Optosil Comfort®) after 20 cycles and at swallowing threshold. The chewed material was collected, dried and sieved. The material on each sieve was weighed; the weights were used to calculate medium particle size. Maximum occlusal force (1st permanent molars) was determined using the GM10 Nagano Keiki Co.™ portable transducer. The number of cycles until swallowing threshold, cycle and sequence durations were also compared. The data for the reference group (n = 32) came from a previous study in children of the same age. Descriptive statistics as well as comparisons with Mann-Whitney tests and simple and multiple regression analysis were performed. Cutoff was set at p≤.05.
Medium particle size is larger by 44% after 20 chewing cycles and 75% at swallowing threshold (p<.05) in children with DS. Median maximum occlusal force was 254 kN in DS children and 499 kN in children without the syndrome (p<.001). 48% of the variance in maximum occlusal force is explained by having DS. There were also significant differences in sequence and cycle durations. All significant differences had large effect sizes (˃1). Although the children with DS chewed more cycles before swallowing threshold the difference was not significant.
Children with DS have approximately 50% of the masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force of children of the same age without DS. These findings can be associated to the feeding problems reported in children with DS.
通过评估最大咬合力和咀嚼性能（通过中颗粒大小）来研究 8 至 10 岁唐氏综合征（DS）儿童的咀嚼功能，并将其与同年龄无 DS 的儿童进行比较。
本横断面研究纳入了 8 名 8 至 10 岁的唐氏综合征儿童。该研究获得了伦理批准，家长提供了知情同意书。排除标准为有大龋损、牙痛或以前的正畸/矫形治疗。咀嚼性能通过人工测试食物（Optosil Comfort®）在 20 次循环后和吞咽阈值时进行评估。咀嚼后的材料被收集、干燥和筛分。对每个筛子上的材料进行称重；用重量计算中颗粒大小。最大咬合力（第一恒磨牙）使用 GM10 Nagano Keiki Co.™便携式换能器测定。比较吞咽阈值的循环次数、循环和序列持续时间。参考组（n=32）的数据来自同年龄儿童的先前研究。进行描述性统计分析以及 Mann-Whitney 检验比较和简单及多元回归分析。设定截值为 p≤.05。
在 20 次咀嚼循环后，DS 儿童的中颗粒大小增加了 44%，在吞咽阈值时增加了 75%（p<.05）。DS 儿童的最大咬合力中位数为 254 kN，无 DS 儿童为 499 kN（p<.001）。DS 儿童最大咬合力的 48%变异可由 DS 解释。序列和循环持续时间也存在显著差异。所有显著差异的效应量均较大（>1）。尽管 DS 儿童在吞咽阈值前咀嚼的循环次数更多，但差异无统计学意义。
DS 儿童的咀嚼性能和最大咬合力约为同年龄无 DS 儿童的 50%。这些发现可能与 DS 儿童报告的喂养问题有关。
