Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon Cedex 07, France.
Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS UMR7275, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Valbonne, France.
J Control Release. 2021 Apr 10;332:553-562. doi: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.017. Epub 2021 Mar 15.
Most infectious agents use mucosal tissues as entry portals, thus, mucosae are frequently defined as a first line of defense against pathogens. Mucosal protection generally operates through antibody-mediated and cytotoxic T-cell responses which can be triggered by mucosal vaccines. Sublingual vaccination provides many advantages such as systemic and mucosal responses (both locally and at remote mucosal sites), besides being a needle-free administration route with high patient compliance and limited adverse effects. Buccal mucosa complexity nonetheless represents a challenge for vaccine administration, hence, many efforts were recently deployed to improve vaccine components, mucoadhesion and/or penetration. Several innovative approaches indeed confirmed that a robust and protective immunity can be achieved by sublingual vaccines. This review will then specify the most recent delivery systems and improvements developed to increase sublingual vaccines efficiency. We will focus our description on the immune mechanisms involved and the requirements for optimal sublingual immunization and mucosal protection.
大多数传染性病原体都利用黏膜组织作为入侵门户，因此，黏膜通常被定义为抵御病原体的第一道防线。黏膜保护通常通过抗体介导和细胞毒性 T 细胞反应来实现，而黏膜疫苗可以触发这些反应。舌下免疫接种具有许多优势，例如全身和黏膜反应（局部和远处黏膜部位），并且是一种无针的给药途径，具有较高的患者依从性和有限的不良反应。然而，颊黏膜的复杂性确实给疫苗给药带来了挑战，因此，最近人们做出了许多努力来改进疫苗成分、黏膜黏附性和/或穿透性。一些创新方法确实证实，通过舌下疫苗可以实现强大和保护性的免疫。然后，本综述将具体说明为提高舌下疫苗的效率而开发的最新给药系统和改进方法。我们将重点描述涉及的免疫机制以及实现最佳舌下免疫和黏膜保护的要求。
