University of Essex, Colchester, UK.
Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
J Med Humanit. 2021 Mar;42(1):17-49. doi: 10.1007/s10912-020-09674-y. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The new coronavirus pandemic, COVID-19, has resurrected a number of historical and sociological problems associated with naming and blaming collectives for the origin or transmission of infectious disease. The default example of the false accusation in 2020 has been the case of the charge of well poisoning against the Jews of Western Europe causing the pandemic of the Black Death during the fourteenth century. Equally apparent is the wide-spread accusation that Asians are collectively responsible for the spread of the present pandemic. Yet querying group actions in times of pandemics is not solely one of rebutting false attributions. What happens when a collective is at fault, and how does the collective respond to the simultaneous burden of both false, stereotypical accusations and appropriate charges of culpability? The case studies here are of Ultra-Orthodox Jewish (Haredi) communities and the PRC during the 2020 outbreak of COVID-19.
新型冠状病毒大流行（COVID-19）重新引发了与为传染病的起源或传播而给集体命名和指责相关的一些历史和社会学问题。2020 年错误指控的默认示例是指控西欧犹太人下毒，导致 14 世纪黑死病大流行的案例。同样明显的是，广泛指责亚洲人集体应对当前大流行的传播。然而，在大流行期间质疑集体行为不仅仅是反驳错误归因。当一个集体有错时会发生什么，集体如何应对同时受到错误的、刻板的指责和适当的罪责指控的双重负担？这里的案例研究是 2020 年 COVID-19 爆发期间的正统犹太教（哈雷迪）社区和中华人民共和国。
