Correlating Catalyst Design and Discharged Product to Reduce Overpotential in Li-CO Batteries.

Li-CO batteries with dual efficacy for greenhouse gas CO sequestration and high energy output have been regarded as a promising electrochemical energy storage technology. However, battery feasibility has been hampered by inferior electrochemical performance due to large overpotentials and low cyclability primarily caused by the difficult decomposition of ultra-stable Li CO during charge. The use of cathode catalysts has been highlighted as a promising solution and catalyst properties, as well as the nature of discharge products, are closely correlated with electrochemical performance. Here, the catalyst design strategies that include active site enrichment, electrical transport enhancement, and mass transfer improvement are summarized. Catalyst effects on product decomposition are then subsequently introduced, while product geometry and chemical composition will be explored, with an emphasis on the formation/decomposition of Li C O instead of Li CO . Building on previous research, future directions that facilitate improvements in catalyst design are put forward to reinforce the fundamental development of Li-CO batteries.