Leblanc Richard
J Neurosurg. 2021 Mar 19:1-7. doi: 10.3171/2020.9.JNS202900.
Wilder Penfield (1891-1976) is widely regarded as a dominant figure in 20th century neurobiology for his singular contributions to the structure-function relationship of the brain, his discovery of the language function of the supplementary motor area, the discovery (with Herbert Jasper and Brenda Milner) of the anatomy of recall, and his pioneering work in the surgical treatment of focal epilepsy. But another of his significant discoveries has escaped notice: the recognition that focal microgyria can generate epileptic seizures, and that these can be treated surgically. Penfield discussed the case of the patient through which this discovery was made during his Shattuck Lecture to the Massachusetts Medical Society in 1939. As Penfield gave only a fragmentary account of this case, the patient's chart was retrieved from the Montreal Neurological Institute archives, and his operative note and brain map, intraoperative photographs, and the histopathological and cytological examinations of the resected specimen were reviewed. Based on these primary sources, this paper provides a complete, detailed account of the first case in which microgyria was recognized as a cause of focal epilepsy, which was successfully treated surgically.
怀尔德·彭菲尔德（1891 - 1976）因其对大脑结构与功能关系的卓越贡献、对辅助运动区语言功能的发现、（与赫伯特·贾斯珀和布伦达·米尔纳共同）对记忆解剖学的发现以及在局灶性癫痫外科治疗方面的开创性工作，被广泛认为是20世纪神经生物学领域的杰出人物。但他的另一项重大发现却未受到关注：即认识到局灶性微小脑回可引发癫痫发作，且这些发作可通过手术治疗。彭菲尔德在1939年向马萨诸塞州医学协会发表的沙塔克演讲中讨论了促成这一发现的患者病例。由于彭菲尔德对该病例的描述仅为片段性的，因此从蒙特利尔神经学研究所档案中找回了该患者的病历，并对其手术记录、脑图谱、术中照片以及切除标本的组织病理学和细胞学检查进行了审查。基于这些原始资料，本文完整、详细地记述了首例被认定微小脑回为局灶性癫痫病因且通过手术成功治疗的病例。
