Gao Shuang, Li Shi-Bei, Bo Xin, Li Hou-Yu, Shu Mu-Shui, Dan Mo, Qu Jia-Bao, Lei Tuan-Tuan
Appraisal Center for Environment and Engineering, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Environment Impact Assessment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100012, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2021 Apr 8;42(4):1649-1659. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202008145.
The characteristics of the VOCs species in foundry industries based on the production processes were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after sampling the emissions of VOCs in 9 typical foundry enterprises using air packages and absorption tubes. The source profiles of the VOCs species in foundry industries based on production processes were established for the first time in China. In addition, the emission characteristics of VOCs and the contribution of VOCs emitted by various production processes to ozone generation were also studied. The results showed that the characteristic components of the VOCs in foundry industries were predominantly aromatic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and oxygenated hydrocarbons. The average concentrations were 50.9%, 20.8%, and 12.6%, respectively. In general, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as toluene, benzene, and -xylene; halogenated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene and dichloromethane; oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as acetone, ethyl acetate, cyclopentanone, and some alkanes, were the primary VOCs species of the foundry industries. The emission characteristics of different production processes were related to the solvents and surface treating agents used by each process. The results also demonstrated that painting was the largest contributor of VOCs concentrations among all the production processes, followed by the modeling procedure and the silica sol and pouring processes. The OFP values for the different production processes ranged from 0.29-96.09 mg·m. Painting was the largest contributor to OFP, followed by the modeling procedure and the melting and pouring processes. Aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated hydrocarbons were the dominant contributors to OFP, and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, toluene, and -xylene were the main active components in the foundry industry, with a total contribution to the ozone generation potential of nearly 60%. It is suggested that the painting process should be prioritized regarding control measures to reduce its emissions and impact, while the waste gas from the modeling procedure and the melting and pouring processes should be collected efficiently and treated properly before being discharged to the environment.
采用气袋和吸收管对9家典型铸造企业的挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放进行采样后，通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（GC - MS）分析了基于生产工艺的铸造行业VOCs物种特征。在中国首次建立了基于生产工艺的铸造行业VOCs物种源谱。此外，还研究了VOCs的排放特征以及各生产工艺排放的VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献。结果表明，铸造行业VOCs的特征成分主要为芳烃、卤代烃和含氧烃，平均浓度分别为50.9%、20.8%和12.6%。一般来说，芳烃如甲苯、苯和二甲苯；卤代烃如三氯乙烯和二氯甲烷；含氧烃如丙酮、乙酸乙酯、环戊酮以及一些烷烃是铸造行业的主要VOCs物种。不同生产工艺的排放特征与各工艺使用的溶剂和表面处理剂有关。结果还表明，在所有生产工艺中，涂装是VOCs浓度的最大贡献者，其次是造型工序以及硅溶胶和浇注工艺。不同生产工艺的臭氧生成潜势（OFP）值范围为0.29 - 96.09 mg·m 。涂装是OFP的最大贡献者，其次是造型工序以及熔炼和浇注工艺。芳烃和含氧烃是OFP的主要贡献者，1,3,5 - 三甲基苯、1,2,4 - 三甲基苯、甲苯和二甲苯是铸造行业的主要活性成分，对臭氧生成潜势的总贡献接近60%。建议在控制措施方面优先考虑涂装工艺，以减少其排放和影响，同时应有效收集并妥善处理造型工序以及熔炼和浇注工艺产生的废气，然后再排放到环境中。
