[Effect of Water Regimes on Pb and Cd Immobilization by Biochar in Contaminated Paddy Soil].

An incubation experiment was conducted to explore the influence of 30% water holding capacity (WHC), flooding, and alternate dry-wet conditions on changes in heavy metal fractions with 1% rice straw biochar in Pb and Cd co-contaminated paddy soils, to provide a scientific basis for a water regime of biochar remediation on heavy metal contaminated paddy soil. Results showed that flooding and alternating wet-dry conditions could significantly increase soil pH, the contents of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and amorphous iron oxide (Fe) after adding biochar. Compared with a 30% WHC treatment, when the soil is flooded and alternating wet-dry conditions, the content of the TCLP extractable Pb decreased by 31.87% and 20.33%, respectively, and the content of the TCLP extraction Cd decreased by 25.29% and 16.07%, respectively. Under flooding, the acid soluble Pb and Cd content decreased by 24.78% and 20.14%, respectively, and the acid soluble Cd content decreased over time. The decreasing order of available Pb and Cd content was flooding > alternating dry-wet > 30% WHC. Correlation analysis results showed that soil pH and Fe have significant negative correlation with available heavy metals, which means flooding with biochar could effectively immobilize Pb and Cd by increasing soil pH and Fe content. Flooding and biochar have a synergistic interaction on promoting the transformation of Pb and Cd to more stable fractions in acidic co-contaminated heavy metal polluted paddy soil.