Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; CIMAR/CIIMAR, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Universidade do Porto, Matosinhos, Portugal.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Jun 1;215:112151. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112151. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
The Water Framework Directive (WFD) was adopted in 2000 and is a common framework for water policy, management and protection in Europe. The WFD assesses specific parameters; however, it ignores indicators of ecosystem functioning and sub-individual performance. Reservoirs are strongly influenced by anthropogenic activities that promote their imbalance. Bioassays and biomarkers are useful tools to link the chemical, ecological and toxicological assessments in water quality assessments. These approaches can be complementary to WFD methodologies, allowing the detection of impacts on the ecosystem. This study evaluated if the biochemical parameters can improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays with the standard species Daphnia magna, in the assessment of the ecological quality of water reservoirs. To this end, water samples of Portuguese reservoirs were analysed in three sampling periods (Autumn 2018 and Spring, Autumn 2019). In parallel, a physicochemical characterization of waters was performed. D. magna feeding rate assays were performed for 24 h. After exposure, metabolism, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation biomarkers were evaluated. Feeding rate assays showed sensitivity to different reservoirs. Biomarkers showed a higher sensitivity and can therefore improve the sensitivity of the biomonitoring strategy using bioassays. Bioassays and biomarkers approach allowed to highlight potential sources of stress, more related to the quality of the seston than to chemical contamination. This work highlights the complementarity between bioassays and biomarkers to identify ecotoxicological effects of surface waters, and can be extremely useful, especially in cases where the biotic indices are difficult to establish, such as reservoirs.
《水框架指令》（WFD）于 2000 年通过，是欧洲水政策、管理和保护的共同框架。WFD 评估特定参数；然而，它忽略了生态系统功能和亚个体性能的指标。水库受到促进其失衡的人为活动的强烈影响。生物测定和生物标志物是将水质评估中的化学、生态和毒理学评估联系起来的有用工具。这些方法可以补充 WFD 方法，从而能够检测对生态系统的影响。本研究评估了生化参数是否可以通过使用标准物种大型溞（Daphnia magna）的生物测定来提高生物监测策略的敏感性，以评估水库的生态水质。为此，在三个采样期（2018 年秋季和 2019 年春季、秋季）分析了葡萄牙水库的水样。同时，对水样进行了理化特性表征。进行了 24 小时大型溞摄食率测定。暴露后，评估了代谢、氧化应激和脂质过氧化生物标志物。摄食率测定对不同的水库具有敏感性。生物标志物显示出更高的敏感性，因此可以通过生物测定提高生物监测策略的敏感性。生物测定和生物标志物方法可以突出潜在的应激源，这些应激源与悬浮物的质量更相关，而不是与化学污染更相关。这项工作强调了生物测定和生物标志物之间的互补性，以识别地表水的生态毒理学效应，并且在生物指数难以建立的情况下，例如在水库中，这种方法非常有用。
