警察被唾骂现象的流行率及相关因素：新冠疫情时代的新风险。
Prevalence and correlates of spitting on police officers: New risks in the COVID era.
机构信息
University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Ave Box 356123, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
Police Strategies, LLC, 13197 Madison Ave NE, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA.
出版信息
Forensic Sci Int. 2021 May;322:110747. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2021.110747. Epub 2021 Mar 4.
OBJECTIVES
Spitting is an occupational hazard of police work with increased risk due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to calculate the prevalence of spitting on police officers in use of force incidents, as well as the demographic and situational factors associated with spitting.
METHODS
Data on spitting were compiled from more than 10,000 use of force incidents occurring at 81 agencies in eight different states in the US.
RESULTS
Spitting occurred in 3.6% of cases. Female and younger subjects and those using drugs and/or alcohol are more likely to spit on officers. Spitting is more likely to occur in incidents of longer duration, when officers use less force relative to subject resistance, when subjects are assaultive or engage in self-harm, and when subjects are hobbled.
CONCLUSIONS
Spitting on officers is common and may now constitute a significant work hazard. Implications for police practice are discussed.
目的
由于 COVID-19 大流行，吐痰是警察工作的职业危害。我们试图计算在使用武力事件中向警察吐痰的流行率，以及与吐痰相关的人口统计学和情境因素。
方法
来自美国 8 个州的 81 个机构的 10000 多起使用武力事件的数据中收集了有关吐痰的数据。
结果
吐痰的发生率为 3.6%。女性和年轻的对象，以及使用毒品和/或酒精的对象更有可能向警察吐痰。当事件持续时间较长、警察相对于对象的抵抗力使用较少的武力、对象攻击性或自残、以及对象跛行时，吐痰更有可能发生。
结论
向警察吐痰很常见，现在可能构成重大工作危害。讨论了对警察实践的影响。
Zotero 插件