School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China.
School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Xinxiang 453007, China.
J Environ Sci (China). 2021 May;103:322-335. doi: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.11.012. Epub 2020 Dec 5.
To study the pollution features and underlying mechanism of PM in Luoyang, a typical developing urban site in the central plain of China, 303 PM samples were collected from April 16 to December 29, 2015 to analyze the elements, water soluble inorganic ions, organic carbon and elemental carbon. The annual mean concentration of PM was 142.3 μg/m, and 75% of the daily PM concentrations exceeded the 75 μg/m. The secondary inorganic ions, organic matter and mineral dust were the most abundant species, accounting for 39.6%, 19.2% and 9.3% of the total mass concentration, respectively. But the major chemical components showed clear seasonal dependence. SO was most abundant specie in spring and summer, which related to intensive photochemical reaction under high O concentration. In contrast, the secondary organic carbon and ammonium while primary organic carbon and ammonium significantly contributed to haze formation in autumn and winter, respectively. This indicated that the collaboration effect of secondary inorganic aerosols and carbonaceous matters result in heavy haze in autumn and winter. Six main sources were identified by positive matrix factorization model: industrial emission, combustion sources, traffic emission, mineral dust, oil combustion and secondary sulfate, with the annual contribution of 24%, 20%, 24%, 4%, 5% and 23%, respectively. The potential source contribution function analysis pointed that the contribution of the local and short-range regional transportation had significant impact. This result highlighted that local primary carbonaceous and precursor of secondary carbonaceous mitigation would be key to reduce PM and O during heavy haze episodes in winter and autumn.
为了研究中国中部平原典型发展中城市洛阳的 PM 污染特征和潜在机制，于 2015 年 4 月 16 日至 12 月 29 日采集了 303 个 PM 样品，分析了元素、水溶性无机离子、有机碳和元素碳。PM 的年平均浓度为 142.3μg/m，75%的日 PM 浓度超过 75μg/m。二次无机离子、有机物和矿物尘是最丰富的物质，分别占总质量浓度的 39.6%、19.2%和 9.3%。但主要化学成分表现出明显的季节性依赖。SO 在春夏季最丰富，这与高 O 浓度下的强烈光化学反应有关。相比之下，秋冬季的二次有机碳和铵对霾的形成有显著贡献，而秋冬季的一次有机碳和铵则显著贡献。这表明二次无机气溶胶和含碳物质的协同作用导致秋冬季出现严重雾霾。正定矩阵因子模型识别出 6 个主要来源：工业排放、燃烧源、交通排放、矿物尘、石油燃烧和二次硫酸盐，其年贡献率分别为 24%、20%、24%、4%、5%和 23%。潜在源贡献函数分析指出，当地和短程区域输送的贡献具有重要影响。这一结果强调了在冬季和秋季严重雾霾期间，减少本地一次含碳物质和二次含碳物质前体的减排将是降低 PM 和 O 的关键。
