Education and Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2021 Jun;32(2):176-180. doi: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.12.001. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
The few epidemiologic studies published previously about different forms of mountain running (ie, fell running, sky running, and ultratrail running) have not reported on fatal events. This report aims to contribute to the literature on mountain running fatalities, recording and classifying fatal events related to mountain running competitions found in online literature searches over a 12-y period.
From 2008 to 2019, searches on mountain sport, mountain races, and newspaper websites were periodically performed, looking for fatal events related to running competitions in the mountains. Data are presented as mean±SD or percentage, as appropriate.
Fifty-one fatal events, involving 45 men (88%) and 6 women (12%), aged 50±11 and 46±6 y, respectively, were recorded in the 2008 to 2019 period in Western Europe. These events occurred during races (n=35; 69%), during training (n=13; 25%), and after races (n=3; 6%); 43% were sudden cardiac death, 32% due to falls (blunt trauma), 16% due to hypothermia, 4% due to both blunt trauma and hypothermia, 4% due to lightning strike injuries, and 2% due to animal attack (injuries from deer).
Understanding all of the causes of fatal events is necessary to institute preventative efforts and to organize rescues. Preventative efforts should be implemented by race organizers and by athletes themselves, and rescue teams can be trained and equipped to address all of these possible events. The relatively high percentage of sudden cardiac deaths stresses the need for preparticipation cardiovascular screenings. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to better understand the real impact of fatal events on the mountain running population.
之前发表的少数几项关于不同形式的山地跑步（即越野跑、天空跑和超级马拉松）的流行病学研究尚未报告过致命事件。本报告旨在为山地跑步相关的致命事件的文献做出贡献，记录和分类在 12 年的在线文献搜索中发现的与山地跑步比赛相关的致命事件。
从 2008 年到 2019 年，定期对山地运动、山地比赛和报纸网站进行搜索，寻找与山地跑步比赛相关的致命事件。数据以平均值±标准差或百分比表示，视情况而定。
在 2008 年至 2019 年期间，在西欧记录了 51 起致命事件，涉及 45 名男性（88%）和 6 名女性（12%），年龄分别为 50±11 岁和 46±6 岁。这些事件发生在比赛期间（n=35；69%）、训练期间（n=13；25%）和比赛后（n=3；6%）；43%是心源性猝死，32%是由于跌倒（钝性创伤），16%是由于体温过低，4%是由于钝性创伤和体温过低，4%是由于雷击受伤，2%是由于动物袭击（来自鹿的受伤）。
了解所有导致致命事件的原因是必要的，以便进行预防工作和组织救援。预防工作应由比赛组织者和运动员自己实施，并且可以培训和装备救援队伍以应对所有这些可能的事件。心源性猝死的相对较高比例强调了需要进行参赛前心血管筛查。进一步的纵向研究对于更好地了解致命事件对山地跑步人群的真正影响是必要的。
