Department of Pathology, Biological Science Institute (ICB), Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
Department of Oral Surgery and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil..
Exp Mol Pathol. 2021 Jun;120:104630. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104630. Epub 2021 Mar 17.
Preclinical models are a core feature of translational research, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models have increasingly been used with such purpose. PDX involves the transplantation of fresh human tumor samples into immunodeficient mice to overcome immunologic rejection. It is a valuable tool for basic as well as preclinical research, contributing to the establishment of models to characterize the neoplasms to drug screening and to allow the identification of therapeutic targets. The use of these models is justified because they retain the histological and genomic features of the primary tumor. PDX models are well described for malignant neoplasms, for which the advantages are clear and include the development of drug treatments. The establishment of malignant tumors PDX is undeniably important from a medical perspective. However, few studies have used such models for benign neoplasms. The use of PDX for benign neoplasm studies can help to clarify the pathobiology of these diseases, as well as invasion and malignant transformation mechanisms, which from a biological perspective is equally important to the study of malignant tumors. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the current methodology for PDX model generation and to cover its main applications, focusing on benign neoplasms.
临床前模型是转化研究的核心特征，并且越来越多地使用患者来源的异种移植（PDX）模型来实现这一目的。PDX 涉及将新鲜的人类肿瘤样本移植到免疫缺陷小鼠中，以克服免疫排斥。它是基础研究和临床前研究的有价值的工具，有助于建立模型来对肿瘤进行特征描述、进行药物筛选，并确定治疗靶点。使用这些模型是合理的，因为它们保留了原发性肿瘤的组织学和基因组特征。PDX 模型在恶性肿瘤中得到了很好的描述，其优势是明确的，包括开发药物治疗。从医学角度来看，建立恶性肿瘤 PDX 模型无疑是重要的。然而，很少有研究使用这些模型来研究良性肿瘤。使用 PDX 研究良性肿瘤有助于阐明这些疾病的病理生物学，以及侵袭和恶性转化机制，从生物学角度来看，这与恶性肿瘤的研究同样重要。因此，本研究旨在综述 PDX 模型生成的当前方法学，并涵盖其主要应用，重点是良性肿瘤。
