Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Xiamen Key Lab of Urban Metabolism, Xiamen 361021, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Jul 20;779:146250. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146250. Epub 2021 Mar 6.
Fruit production has been expanding due to the pursuit of healthier lifestyles in China. Determining the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions status of the orchard system could contribute to adopting appropriate measures to alleviate climate change pressure from the growing fruit production. In this study, the net GHG balance and GHG intensity (GHGI) in the Chinese fruit production were estimated at the regional level using a meta-analysis based on databases compiled from relevant publications during 2000-2019, including soil nitrous oxide (NO) and methane (CH) emissions or uptake, upstream carbon dioxide (CO) emissions related to farm practices, and the change of soil organic carbon (SOC) storage from the life cycle perspective. Results showed that the net GHG balance and GHGI varied among six regions, with ranges of 6.4 ± 0.3 to 10.0 ± 0.6 Mg COe ha yr, and 2.2 ± 0.2 to 3.0 ± 0.2 kg COe kg, respectively. Synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilization was the largest source of overall GHG emissions from fruit production throughout China, accounting for 46% and ranging from 43% to 55% in the six fruit production regions. Fertilizer-induced NO emissions were responsible for 22-31% of the total GHG emissions, and the NO-N emission factor was identified as 0.7%. Also, power use for irrigation contributed a non-negligible 17% to the emissions on a national level, yet with large regional variations. In addition, fruit production in North, Northeast, Central, and East, and South China have relatively lower GHGIs than in Northwest and Southwest China. The estimated total GHG emissions from the Chinese fruit production were 102 Tg COe, with the contribution of SOC change to a decrease by 11% for the year 2018. Our results highlight an urgency to lower fruit production-related carbon emissions by extending optimized N fertilization and irrigation modes in China's orchard system.
中国对健康生活方式的追求促使水果产量不断增加。确定果园系统的温室气体（GHG）排放状况有助于采取适当措施缓解不断增长的水果生产带来的气候变化压力。本研究通过基于 2000-2019 年相关出版物汇编的数据库，采用荟萃分析方法，从生命周期角度估计了中国水果生产的净温室气体（GHG）平衡和 GHG 强度（GHGI）在区域水平上的变化。结果表明，六个地区的净 GHG 平衡和 GHGI 存在差异，范围分别为 6.4±0.3 至 10.0±0.6 Mg COe ha yr 和 2.2±0.2 至 3.0±0.2 kg COe kg。整个中国水果生产的 GHG 排放总量中，合成氮肥（N）施肥是最大的来源，占 46%，在六个水果生产地区的范围为 43%至 55%。肥料诱导的 NO 排放占总 GHG 排放的 22-31%，NO-N 排放因子被确定为 0.7%。此外，灌溉用电对全国排放的贡献率也不容忽视，达到 17%，但存在较大的地区差异。此外，中国北方、东北、中部、东部和南部地区的水果生产 GHGI 相对较低，而西北地区和西南地区的 GHGI 则相对较高。中国水果生产的总 GHG 排放量估计为 102Tg COe，其中 SOC 变化对 2018 年的减排贡献为 11%。研究结果强调了通过在中国果园系统中推广优化的 N 施肥和灌溉模式来降低与水果生产相关的碳排放的紧迫性。
