Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI C1A 5 T1, Canada.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(29):38839-38854. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13231-y. Epub 2021 Mar 20.
The quality and safety of the aquatic products have gradually become the focus of global attention. In this study, the environmental eukaryotic and fungi communities in pond-cultured grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and the koi carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. For comparative analysis, the alpha diversity shows that the environmental microbial abundance in the koi carp groups were higher than that in the grass carp groups, while beta diversity reveals that the differences of the microbial community composition and structures in the grass carp groups were significantly higher than those in the koi carp groups. Meanwhile, the environmental microbial diversity of grass carp groups was higher than that of koi carp groups at phylum level, but showed no significant difference at genus level. Additionally, the dominant total phyla were Opisthokonta, Stramenopiles plusAlveolates plusRhizaria, Archaeplastida, Cryptophyceae, and Centrohelida for the 18S rRNA gene and Ciliophora, Chlorophyta, and Ascomycota for the ITS2 rRNA gene in both of the two carp groups. Additionally, annotation analysis showed that the biomarkers in the grass carp groups are significantly higher than those of the koi carp groups. Furthermore, the functional prediction of Funguild showed significant difference in outputs, while similarity in trophic modes and guild types between the two carp groups. Meanwhile, the total relative abundances of animal pathogen, fungal parasite, and plant pathogen were extremely similar between the two carp groups. Surprisingly, one pathogenic fungus of genus Fusarium was identified in both the environments of two carp groups based on filtered operational taxonomic unit tables. Overall, this is the first robust report to understand the characteristics of environmental eukaryotic microorganisms and fungi in the edible and ornamental carps. Our results also provide the basic data for the prevention of fungal diseases and the healthy culture of the carps.
水产品的质量和安全逐渐成为全球关注的焦点。在这项研究中，调查了池塘养殖草鱼（Ctenopharyngodon idellus）和锦鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）的环境真核生物和真菌群落。为了进行比较分析，α多样性表明，锦鲤组的环境微生物丰度高于草鱼组，而β多样性则表明草鱼组的微生物群落组成和结构差异显著高于锦鲤组。同时，草鱼组的环境微生物多样性在门水平上高于锦鲤组，但在属水平上没有显著差异。此外，18S rRNA 基因的优势总门为后生动物界、纤毛门加上有孔虫界加上根肿菌门、叶绿体门、眼虫门，ITS2 rRNA 基因的优势总门为纤毛门、绿藻门和子囊菌门，这两种基因在两种鲤鱼组中均有发现。此外，注释分析表明，草鱼组的生物标志物明显高于锦鲤组。此外，Funguild 的功能预测在输出方面存在显著差异，而两种鲤鱼组在营养方式和 guild 类型方面存在相似性。同时，两种鲤鱼组的动物病原体、真菌寄生虫和植物病原体的总相对丰度极为相似。令人惊讶的是，根据过滤后的操作分类单位表，在两种鲤鱼组的环境中都鉴定到一种真菌病原体属镰刀菌。总的来说，这是首次全面了解食用和观赏鲤鱼环境中真核微生物和真菌特征的研究报告。我们的研究结果还为真菌病的防治和鲤鱼的健康养殖提供了基础数据。
