Stanisic Dragana, Jeremic Nevena, Majumder Suravi, Pushpakumar Sathnur, George Akash, Singh Mahavir, Tyagi Suresh C
Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia.
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States.
Front Physiol. 2021 Mar 3;12:625780. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.625780. eCollection 2021.
The gut microbiome has a very important role in human health and its influence on the development of numerous diseases is well known. In this study, we investigated the effect of high fat diet (HFD) on the onset of dysbiosis, gingival blood flow decreases, and the periodontal matrix remodeling. We established a dysbiosis model (HFD group) and probiotic model by GG (LGG) treatment for 12weeks. Fecal samples were collected 24h before mice sacrificing, while short chain fatty acids (SCFA) analysis, DNA extraction, and sequencing for metagenomic analysis were performed afterwards. After sacrificing the animals, we collected periodontal tissues and conducted comprehensive morphological and genetic analyses. While HFD reduced , SCFA, and gingival blood flow, this type of diet increased , lipopolysaccharide (LPS) binding protein, TLR4, pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) expression, and also altered markers of bone resorption (OPG and RANKL). However, LGG treatment mitigated these effects. Thus, it was observed that HFD increased molecular remodeling inflammation, matrix degradation, and functional remodeling and consequently cause reduced gingival blood flow. All of these changes may lead to the alveolar bone loss and the development of periodontal disease.
肠道微生物群在人类健康中起着非常重要的作用，其对多种疾病发展的影响是众所周知的。在本研究中，我们调查了高脂饮食（HFD）对生态失调的发生、牙龈血流量减少和牙周基质重塑的影响。我们通过给予鼠李糖乳杆菌（LGG）治疗12周建立了一个生态失调模型（HFD组）和益生菌模型。在小鼠处死前24小时收集粪便样本，随后进行短链脂肪酸（SCFA）分析、DNA提取和宏基因组分析测序。处死动物后，我们收集牙周组织并进行全面的形态学和遗传学分析。虽然HFD降低了SCFA和牙龈血流量，但这种饮食增加了脂多糖（LPS）结合蛋白、Toll样受体4（TLR4）、促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α、白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-6）、基质金属蛋白酶（MMP-2和MMP-9）的表达，并且还改变了骨吸收标志物（骨保护素和核因子κB受体活化因子配体）。然而，LGG治疗减轻了这些影响。因此，观察到HFD增加了分子重塑、炎症、基质降解和功能重塑，从而导致牙龈血流量减少。所有这些变化可能导致牙槽骨丧失和牙周疾病的发展。
