Verfaellie M, Bowers D, Heilman K M
Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610.
Neuropsychologia. 1988;26(3):435-44. doi: 10.1016/0028-3932(88)90096-6.
Two major hypotheses have been advanced to account for stimulus-response compatibility effects in the situation in which the location of the target is irrelevant for choosing the correct response. According to the attentional hypothesis, compatibility effects reflect a response bias, favoring the effector on the same side as the stimulus. According to the coding hypothesis, compatibility effects result from a correspondence between the spatial codes of the stimulus and effector. In the present study, two components of attention--selective attention and intention--were independently manipulated by providing selective preparatory information before onset of a target stimulus. Attentional information indicated where the target stimulus would occur; intentional information indicated which hand would have to be used to respond. Compatibility effects were observed only in the condition in which intentional information, but no attentional information, was provided. These findings support the attentional hypothesis and indicate that a specific aspect of attention, namely a selective readiness to respond to the stimulus, is a necessary condition for compatibility effects to occur.
在目标位置与选择正确反应无关的情况下，为了解释刺激-反应兼容性效应，人们提出了两种主要假说。根据注意假说，兼容性效应反映了一种反应偏向，即偏向于与刺激同侧的效应器。根据编码假说，兼容性效应源于刺激和效应器的空间编码之间的对应关系。在本研究中，通过在目标刺激出现之前提供选择性准备信息，对注意的两个成分——选择性注意和意图——进行了独立操纵。注意信息表明目标刺激将出现在何处；意图信息表明必须用哪只手做出反应。兼容性效应仅在提供了意图信息但未提供注意信息的条件下被观察到。这些发现支持了注意假说，并表明注意的一个特定方面，即对刺激做出反应的选择性准备状态，是兼容性效应发生的必要条件。
