From the Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Transplant Program, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Cancer J. 2021;27(2):168-175. doi: 10.1097/PPO.0000000000000517.
Success from checkpoint blockade and adoptive cell therapy has brought a new hope in cancer immunotherapy. Adoptive cell therapy involves the isolation of immune cells, ex vivo activation and/or expansion, and reinfusion into the patients, and their effect can be dramatically increased by the incorporation of chimeric antigen receptors specific to molecules expressed on tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells have shown exciting results in the treatment of liquid malignancies; nevertheless, they suffer from limitations including severe adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity seen in patients as well as a potential for causing graft-versus-host disease in an allogeneic setting. It is thus imperial to explore innate immune cells including natural killer cells, macrophages, natural killer T cells, and γδ T cells. Here, we provide a broad overview of the major innate immune cells and their potential for adoptive cell therapy and chimeric antigen receptor engineering.
在癌症免疫疗法中，检查点阻断和过继细胞疗法的成功带来了新的希望。过继细胞疗法包括免疫细胞的分离、体外激活和/或扩增，然后再输注回患者体内，通过引入针对肿瘤细胞表面分子的嵌合抗原受体，可以显著增强其效果。嵌合抗原受体 T 细胞在治疗液体恶性肿瘤方面显示出令人兴奋的结果；然而，它们也存在一些限制，包括严重的不良反应，如细胞因子释放综合征和神经毒性，以及在同种异体环境中可能引起移植物抗宿主病的潜在风险。因此，探索先天免疫细胞，包括自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞、自然杀伤 T 细胞和 γδ T 细胞，是非常重要的。在这里，我们提供了一个广泛的概述，介绍了主要的先天免疫细胞及其在过继细胞疗法和嵌合抗原受体工程中的潜在应用。
