Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA, 92182-6040, USA.
Department of Anthropology, Grand Valley State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
Primates. 2021 May;62(3):477-489. doi: 10.1007/s10329-021-00899-6. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
A growing body of research focuses on how anthropogenic factors affect the behavior and ecology of primates and their ecosystems. Infrastructural development, such as roads, is an increasingly pervasive anthropogenic impact that destroys primate habitat, affects the distribution and dispersal of primates, and facilitates human-primate interactions. At our field site in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi, Indonesia, a major road bisects the habitat of the endangered moor macaque (Macaca maura). Beginning in 2015, we observed a behavioral shift by our main study group: they began spending more time along the road foraging in trash pits and waiting for provisions from vehicles. Our objective in this study was to examine how access to anthropogenic foods has affected the group's ranging behavior by comparing ranging data collected before (2010-2011) and after the shift (2016-2017). In contrast to what we expected, home ranges were significantly larger and daily travel distance was significantly longer after the shift compared to before. As predicted, mean distance to the road decreased after the shift. These results likely reflect the irregular and spatially dispersed nature of provisioning at this site. The macaques appear to be attracted to the road because it presents opportunities to obtain palatable and energy-dense foods. Our results indicate that moor macaques are able to flexibly adjust their ranging behavior in response to anthropogenic impacts. However, given the risks of being in proximity to roads and humans, management of this emerging human-macaque interface is needed.
越来越多的研究关注人为因素如何影响灵长类动物及其生态系统的行为和生态。基础设施的发展，如道路，是一种日益普遍的人为影响，它破坏了灵长类动物的栖息地，影响了灵长类动物的分布和扩散，并为人类与灵长类动物的互动提供了便利。在印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛的班蒂穆伦-布卢萨拉翁国家公园，一条主要道路穿过濒危的毛猴（Macaca maura）的栖息地。从 2015 年开始，我们观察到我们的主要研究群体的行为发生了转变：它们开始更多地沿着道路在垃圾坑觅食，并等待车辆提供食物。我们的研究目的是通过比较 2010-2011 年和转变后（2016-2017 年）收集的漫游数据，来研究获得人为食物如何影响该群体的漫游行为。与我们预期的相反，转变后群体的活动范围明显更大，每日旅行距离明显更长。正如我们所预测的，转变后到道路的平均距离减少了。这些结果可能反映了该地点供应的不规则和空间分散性质。猴子似乎被道路所吸引，因为它提供了获得美味和高能量食物的机会。我们的研究结果表明，毛猴能够灵活地调整其漫游行为以应对人为影响。然而，鉴于与道路和人类接近的风险，需要对这种新兴的人类-猴子界面进行管理。
