从儿童后期到青年期的姿势控制发展。

Postural control development from late childhood through young adulthood.

机构信息

Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

出版信息

Gait Posture. 2021 May;86:169-173. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.030. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

DOI:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.02.030

PMID:33751968

Abstract

BACKGROUND

The development of stable postural control is characterized by changes in sway variability and periods of rapid reorganization of motor system components.

RESEARCH QUESTION

The current study examined whether changing biomechanical and perceptual demands influences the postural control behavior during development.

METHOD

The center of pressure (COP) was assessed via a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 48 females in three age groups (late childhood, mid-adolescence, and young adulthood) during four quiet stance conditions: (1) eyes open with feet apart, (2) eyes open with feet together, (3) eyes closed with feet apart, and (4) eyes closed with feet together. Linear measures included total path length of the COP and the mean/standard deviation of the overall COP position and speed. To characterize the sway patterns via nonlinear analyses, the speed and two-dimensional positional time series were submitted to sample entropy and Renyi entropy, respectively.

RESULTS

The linear results indicated that the late childhood group displayed longer COP trajectories (p < .001) and faster and more variable COP speed (p's < .001). These results held for both the feet apart and feet together conditions, independent of vision. The nonlinear results indicated that the late childhood group exhibited less regularity, overall, in their COP sway position (i.e., Renyi entropy) compared to the two older groups in the feet apart condition (p's ≤ .041), and to the young adults in the feet together condition, independent of vision (p < .001). However, the mid-adolescent group demonstrated greater regularity in their COP speed (i.e., sample entropy) when their eyes were closed compared to the other two groups, independent of stance (p's < .05).

SIGNIFICANCE

The linear results support previous findings, while the nonlinear measures indicate sway characteristics that may provide a window into the development of underlying control processes that regulate quiet standing.

摘要

背景

稳定姿势控制的发展特点是摆动可变性的变化和运动系统组件快速重组的时期。

研究问题

本研究考察了改变生物力学和知觉需求是否会影响发育过程中的姿势控制行为。

方法

通过横断面设计评估了中心压力（COP）。在四个安静站立条件下，从三个年龄组（儿童后期，青春期中期和青年期）的 48 名女性中收集数据：（1）双脚分开睁眼，（2）双脚并拢睁眼，（3）双脚分开闭眼，和（4）双脚并拢闭眼。线性测量包括 COP 的总路径长度以及 COP 位置和速度的总体均值/标准差。为了通过非线性分析描述摆动模式，速度和二维位置时间序列分别提交给样本熵和 Renyi 熵。

结果

线性结果表明，儿童后期组的 COP 轨迹更长（p<0.001），CO 速度更快且更可变（p's<0.001）。这些结果在双脚分开和双脚并拢的情况下均成立，与视觉无关。非线性结果表明，与双脚分开的情况下的两个较年长组相比，儿童后期组的 COP 摆动位置（即 Renyi 熵）整体上规则性较低（p's≤0.041），与双脚并拢的情况下的青年期组相比，与视觉无关（p<0.001）。然而，与其他两个组相比，青春期中期组在闭眼时的 COP 速度（即样本熵）表现出更高的规则性，与姿势无关（p's<0.05）。