Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.
Poultry and Fish Diseases Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, El Beheira 22511, Egypt.
Poult Sci. 2021 May;100(5):101039. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101039. Epub 2021 Feb 11.
On the commercial level, the poultry industry strives to find new techniques to combat bird's infection. During the first week, mortality rate increases in birds because of several bacterial infections of about ten bacterial species, especially colisepticemia. This affects the flock production, uniformity, and suitability for slaughter because of chronic infections. Escherichia coli (E. coli) causes various disease syndromes in poultry, including yolk sac infection (omphalitis), respiratory tract infection, and septicemia. The E. coli infections in the neonatal poultry are being characterized by septicemia. The acute septicemia may cause death, while the subacute form could be characterized through pericarditis, airsacculitis, and perihepatitis. Many E. coli isolates are commonly isolated from commercial broiler chickens as serogroups O, O, and O. Although prophylactic antibiotics were used to control mortality associated with bacterial infections of neonatal poultry in the past, the commercial poultry industry is searching for alternatives. This is because of the consumer's demand for reduced antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Despite the vast and rapid development in vaccine technologies against common chicken infectious diseases, no antibiotic alternatives are commercially available to prevent bacterial infections of neonatal chicks. Recent research confirmed the utility of probiotics to improve the health of neonatal poultry. However, probiotics were not efficacious to minimize death and clinical signs associated with neonatal chicks' bacterial infections. This review focuses on the causes of the increased mortality in broiler chicks during the first week of age and the methods used to minimize death.
在商业层面上，家禽业致力于寻找新的技术来对抗鸟类感染。在第一周，由于大约十种细菌的几种细菌感染，尤其是败血病，鸟类的死亡率会增加。这会影响禽类的生产、均匀性和适合屠宰，因为慢性感染。大肠杆菌（E. coli）会导致家禽出现各种疾病综合征，包括卵黄囊感染（卵黄囊炎）、呼吸道感染和败血病。新生禽类的大肠杆菌感染以败血病为特征。急性败血病可能导致死亡，而亚急性形式可能表现为心包炎、气囊炎和肝炎。许多大肠杆菌分离株通常从商业肉鸡中分离出来，血清型为 O、O 和 O。尽管过去曾使用预防性抗生素来控制与新生禽类细菌感染相关的死亡率，但商业家禽业正在寻找替代品。这是因为消费者要求减少对抗生素耐药菌的使用。尽管疫苗技术在防治常见鸡传染性疾病方面取得了巨大而迅速的发展，但目前还没有商业上可用于预防新生雏鸡细菌感染的抗生素替代品。最近的研究证实了益生菌在改善新生家禽健康方面的作用。然而，益生菌并不能有效地减少与新生雏鸡细菌感染相关的死亡和临床症状。这篇综述重点介绍了在肉鸡第一周龄时死亡率增加的原因，以及用于降低死亡率的方法。
