Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, 3347 Forbes Avenue, Suite 220, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Crit Care Clin. 2021 Apr;37(2):251-266. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2020.11.001.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a syndrome of impaired kidney function associated with reduced survival and increased morbidity. International consensus criteria were developed based on changes in serum creatinine and urine output. Based on these definitions, epidemiologic studies have shown strong associations with clinical outcomes including death and dialysis. However, numerous limitations exist for creatinine and urine volume as markers of AKI and novel biomarkers have been developed to detect cellular stress or damage. Persistent AKI and acute kidney disease are relatively new concepts that explore the idea of AKI as a continuum with chronic kidney disease.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种与生存能力降低和发病率增加相关的肾功能障碍综合征。国际共识标准是基于血清肌酐和尿量的变化制定的。根据这些定义，流行病学研究已经表明 AKI 与临床结果（包括死亡和透析）有很强的关联。然而，肌酐和尿量作为 AKI 的标志物存在许多局限性，因此已经开发出了新的生物标志物来检测细胞应激或损伤。持续性 AKI 和急性肾脏病是相对较新的概念，它们探讨了 AKI 作为慢性肾脏病连续体的概念。
