Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ONT, M5S 3E1, Canada.
Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ONT, M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology (CMB), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, 171 77, Sweden.
Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2021 May;42(5):367-384. doi: 10.1016/j.tips.2021.02.006. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Force is everywhere. Through cell-intrinsic activities and interactions with the microenvironment, cells generate, transmit, and sense mechanical forces, such as compression, tension, and shear stress. These forces shape the mechanical properties of cells and tissues. Akin to how balanced biochemical signaling safeguards physiological processes, a mechanical optimum is required for homeostasis. The brain constructs a mechanical optimum from its cellular and extracellular constituents. However, in brain cancer, the mechanical properties are disrupted: tumor and nontumoral cells experience dysregulated solid and fluid stress, while tumor tissue develops altered stiffness. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels perceive mechanical cues to govern ion flux and cellular signaling. In this review, we describe the mechanical properties of the brain in healthy and cancer states and illustrate MS ion channels as sensors of mechanical cues to regulate malignant growth. Targeting MS ion channels offers disease insights at the interface of cancer, neuroscience, and mechanobiology to reveal therapeutic opportunities in brain tumors.
力无处不在。通过细胞内在活动以及与微环境的相互作用,细胞产生、传递和感知机械力,如压缩、张力和切应力。这些力塑造了细胞和组织的机械特性。就像平衡的生化信号保障生理过程一样,内稳态也需要一个机械最优值。大脑从其细胞和细胞外成分构建机械最优值。然而,在脑癌中,机械特性被打乱:肿瘤和非肿瘤细胞经历失调的固体和流体压力,而肿瘤组织则发展出改变的硬度。机械敏感 (MS) 离子通道感知机械线索以调节离子通量和细胞信号。在这篇综述中,我们描述了健康和癌症状态下大脑的机械特性,并说明了 MS 离子通道作为机械线索的传感器,以调节恶性生长。靶向 MS 离子通道可以在癌症、神经科学和力学生物学的界面上提供疾病见解,为脑肿瘤揭示治疗机会。
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