Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021 Mar 30;118(13). doi: 10.1073/pnas.2025197118.
Foxp3CD4 regulatory T cells (Tregs) regulate most types of immune response as well as several processes important for tissue homeostasis, for example, metabolism and repair. Dedicated Treg compartments-with distinct transcriptomes, T cell receptor repertoires, and growth/survival factor dependencies-have been identified in several nonlymphoid tissues. These Tregs are specifically adapted to function and operate in their home tissue-When, where, and how do they take on their specialized characteristics? We recently reported that a splenic Treg population expressing low levels of the transcription factor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) contains precursors of Tregs residing in visceral adipose tissue. This finding made sense given that PPARγ, the "master regulator" of adipocyte differentiation, is required for the accumulation and function of Tregs in visceral adipose tissue but not in lymphoid tissues. Here we use single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell and sequencing, and adoptive-transfer experiments to show that, unexpectedly, the splenic PPARγ Treg population is transcriptionally heterogeneous and engenders Tregs in multiple nonlymphoid tissues beyond visceral adipose tissue, such as skin and liver. The existence of a general pool of splenic precursors for nonlymphoid-tissue Tregs opens possibilities for regulating their emergence experimentally or therapeutically.
叉头框蛋白 P3+CD4+ 调节性 T 细胞(Tregs)调节大多数类型的免疫反应以及对组织稳态很重要的几个过程,例如代谢和修复。在几种非淋巴组织中已经鉴定出具有独特转录组、T 细胞受体库和生长/存活因子依赖性的专用 Treg 区室。这些 Tregs 专门适应于在其组织内发挥功能——它们何时、何地以及如何获得其特化特征?我们最近报道,脾脏中表达低水平转录因子 PPARγ(过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ)的 Treg 群体包含驻留在内脏脂肪组织中的 Treg 的前体。鉴于脂肪细胞分化的“主调控因子” PPARγ 对于 Tregs 在内脏脂肪组织中的积累和功能是必需的,但对于淋巴组织不是必需的,因此这一发现是有意义的。在这里,我们使用单细胞 RNA 测序、单细胞和谱系追踪实验表明,出乎意料的是,脾脏中的 PPARγ+Treg 群体在转录上是异质的,并在除内脏脂肪组织以外的多个非淋巴组织中诱导 Tregs,如皮肤和肝脏。存在用于非淋巴组织 Tregs 的通用脾脏前体库为实验或治疗性地调节它们的出现提供了可能性。
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