Pfund Gabrielle N, Edmonds Grant W, Hill Patrick L
Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR, USA.
Int J Behav Dev. 2020 Sep 1;44(5):441-446. doi: 10.1177/0165025419896864. Epub 2020 Jan 13.
Early adverse experiences can hold lasting influence on later life outcomes, particularly during formative developmental periods such as adolescence. The current study evaluates the impact of different kinds of adolescent trauma on later sense of purpose in adulthood, using data from the Hawaii Longitudinal Study of Personality and Health. Participants ( = 545) retrospectively reported three kinds of trauma during adolescence: 1) non-betrayal trauma, such as a natural disaster; 2) low betrayal trauma, such as being abused by a stranger; and 3) high betrayal trauma, such as being abused by a relative. At a later assessment, participants ( = 60.15, = 1.96) reported their sense of purpose. Trauma scores were uncorrelated with sense of purpose for the overall sample. However, the associations differed when comparing two of the largest cultural groups in the sample, Japanese-Americans and Native Hawaiians. For participants who identified as Japanese-American, trauma scores held a negative association with later sense of purpose across multiple measures. Results are discussed with respect to how early life experiences differentially impact purpose development across individuals.
早期不良经历会对后期生活结果产生持久影响，尤其是在青春期等形成性发展阶段。本研究利用夏威夷个性与健康纵向研究的数据，评估了不同类型的青少年创伤对成年后人生目标感的影响。参与者（n = 545）回顾性报告了青春期的三种创伤经历：1）非背叛性创伤，如自然灾害；2）低背叛性创伤，如被陌生人虐待；3）高背叛性创伤，如被亲属虐待。在后来的一次评估中，参与者（M = 60.15，SD = 1.96）报告了他们的人生目标感。对于整个样本而言，创伤得分与人生目标感不相关。然而，在比较样本中两个最大的文化群体——日裔美国人和夏威夷原住民时，这种关联有所不同。对于自认为是日裔美国人的参与者，创伤得分在多项测量中与后期人生目标感呈负相关。本文就早期生活经历如何对不同个体的人生目标发展产生不同影响进行了讨论。
