Otte Marinus L, Fang Wei-Ta, Jiang Ming
Wet Ecosystem Research Group, Biological Sciences, North Dakota State University, PO Box 6050, Dept. 2715, Fargo, ND 58108-6050 USA.
Graduate Institute of Environmental Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 11677 Taipei, Taiwan.
Wetlands (Wilmington). 2021;41(4):40. doi: 10.1007/s13157-021-01439-0. Epub 2021 Mar 18.
This paper arose from collaboration and discussions over the past years between the authors about what wetlands should be restored to in landscapes that have been intensively altered due to human activities over many centuries and where reference conditions are lacking. It is not intended as an in-depth review of the thinking about reference conditions, but as an opinion paper, with the goal of stimulating discussions about wetland restoration approaches, particularly in regions around the world with highly altered landscapes where restoration of wetlands has been gaining traction only relatively recently. We first explain why the thinking on reference wetlands is biased towards North America, where large areas exist with wetlands that are relatively unimpacted by anthropogenic activities. We then argue that in regions with few unimpaired wetlands those of fair condition may still be good enough to be used as reference wetlands, and that restored and created wetlands should be considered as well.
本文源于作者们在过去几年间的合作与讨论，内容围绕在那些因人类活动而历经数百年高度改造且缺乏参照条件的景观中，湿地应恢复为何种状态。本文并非对参照条件相关思想的深入综述，而是一篇观点性文章，旨在激发关于湿地恢复方法的讨论，尤其是在全球那些景观已高度改变、湿地恢复只是在相对近期才开始受到关注的地区。我们首先解释为何关于参照湿地的思考偏向于北美，因为在北美存在大片相对未受人为活动影响的湿地。然后我们认为，在未受损害的湿地较少的地区，状况尚可的湿地仍可作为参照湿地，而且恢复和新建的湿地也应纳入考虑。
