Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey.
Turk Neurosurg. 2021;31(3):412-421. doi: 10.5137/1019-5149.JTN.31665-20.2.
To investigate the effects of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) from mobile phones (MPs) on rat brains of rats by morphological and biochemical analysis.
EMW was applied for two hours/day until birth in stand-by fetal and EMW fetal groups and postnatal 60 < sup > th < /sup > day in stand-by and EMW groups. The control group was not exposed to MP. On postnatal 60 < sup > th < /sup > day, brain malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured, and western blot analysis was performed to determine glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) content. Hematoxylin and eosin staining and GFAP immunohistochemistry were applied. Trigeminal nerves were examined using the transmission electron microscope.
In comparison to controls, rats exposed to MP in stand-by or talk modes had significantly increased neuronal damage in the cortex and hippocampus. Increased MDA levels in the EMW group and decreased GSH levels in the stand-by, EMW fetal and EMW groups were found compared with controls. Increased GFAP content in the EMW group and increased GFAP staining in the EMW fetal and EMW groups compared to controls were observed. EMW group had a significantly decreased number of myelinated axons than control animals.
The results of this study suggests that 1800 MHz EMWs (SAR=1.79 W/kg) exposure in the prenatal and early postnatal life may lead to trigeminal nerve damage in addition to oxidative stress-induced neuronal degeneration and astroglial activation in the rat brain. Effects seem to be mode related, being more detrimental in groups exposed to MP during talk mode.
通过形态学和生化分析研究移动电话（MP）产生的电磁波（EMW）对大鼠大脑的影响。
在备用胎儿组和 EMW 胎儿组中，将 EMW 应用于胎儿直至出生，每天 2 小时，在备用组和 EMW 组中，在出生后 60 天进行 EMW 应用。对照组未暴露于 MP。在出生后 60 天，测量脑丙二醛（MDA）和谷胱甘肽（GSH）水平，并进行 Western blot 分析以确定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）含量。进行苏木精和伊红染色和 GFAP 免疫组织化学染色。使用透射电子显微镜检查三叉神经。
与对照组相比，处于备用或通话模式下暴露于 MP 的大鼠皮质和海马区的神经元损伤明显增加。与对照组相比，备用组、EMW 胎儿组和 EMW 组的 MDA 水平升高，GSH 水平降低。与对照组相比，EMW 组的 GFAP 含量增加，EMW 胎儿组和 EMW 组的 GFAP 染色增加。与对照组相比，EMW 组的有髓轴突数量明显减少。
本研究结果表明，1800 MHz EMW（SAR=1.79 W/kg）在产前和出生后早期暴露可能导致除了氧化应激诱导的神经元变性和星形胶质细胞激活之外，大鼠大脑中的三叉神经损伤。这种影响似乎与模式有关，在通话模式下暴露于 MP 的组中更具危害性。
